Historic, present, and projected trends in understanding and managing human-dominated ecosystems; predicting, measuring and mitigating degradation especially in terrestrial ecosystems with a focus on small volcanic islands in tropical settings. A-F only. Pre: NREM 301/SUST 311 and NREM 304 (or equivalent) and NREM 600. Recommended NREM 461, or consent. (Fall only) (Cross-listed as NREM 612)