Seminar to introduce new GES majors to the research interests of GES faculty and the research facilities available within SOEST. Restricted to GES majors. CR/NC only. (Fall only) (Cross-listed as GES 100)

Inquiry-driven and experimental marine biology summer program based on the expertise of HIMB researchers whose specialties demonstrate how human impacts and global change affect coral reef ecosystems. Emphases on student team research projects. Repeatable one time. High school or UG freshman only. (Summer only)

Reading and research in any area of Oceanography under the direction of a faculty member. Repeatable up to six credits. CR/NC only.

Advanced mathematical methods with emphasis on application to the earth and ocean sciences and engineering. Topics include linear algebra, vector calculus, ordinary differential equations, and numerical methods. Pre: MATH 242 or consent. (Cross-listed as GG/ERTH 312)

Introduction to philosophy of science for those with some background in the natural sciences. Special emphasis on issues arising from the construction and use of models. Pre: any course 200 or above in PHIL or any course 200 or above with either DB or DP designation, or consent. (Alt. years: spring) (Cross-listed as PHIL 315)

Introduction to environmental monitoring systems for earth science students. Students will learn how to construct, program, and deploy simple environmental monitoring systems to collect in-situ environmental data. OCN, GG/ERTH, ATMO majors only. A-F only. Pre: 201/201L or GG/ERTH 101/101L, CHEM 161/161L, and MATH 241; or consent. (Fall only)

Introduction to the ecology of infectious diseases of animals, plants, and humans. Factors affecting disease transmission and virulence. Effects of human activities and environmental change on disease transmission. Emphasis on issues pertinent to Hawai‘i. A-F only. Pre: BIOL 171 and BIOL 172; or consent. (Spring only) (Cross-listed as PEPS 340)

Experiential approach to earth science; students serve as interns to field professionals; responsibilities include supervised field work. Undergraduate SOEST majors only. Open to GES majors. Repeatable one time. CR/ NC only. Pre: junior/senior standing and consent.

Directed reading in earth system science, oceanography, or environmental science. Repeatable up to 6 credits. Pre: consent. (Cross-listed as GES 399)

Marine functional genomics, biodiversity of marine natural habitats, marine microbial communities and their ecological functions, interactions of marine microbes and their host, climate change and marine biodiversity, marine biotechnology. A-F only. Pre: 201 or MICR 130, or consent. (Spring only) (Cross-listed as MBBE 405)

Builds upon 318 using more advanced microprocessors and environmental sensors, 3D printing, programming, etc. to construct, program, and deploy environmental monitoring systems to collect and stream in-situ time-series environmental measurements. OCN, GG/ERTH, ATMO majors only. A-F only. Pre: 318, MATH 242, PHYS 272/272L, and CHEM 162/162L; or consent. (Fall only)

(1.5 Lec, 1.5 Discussion) Biology and ecology of deepsea organisms and communities. Topics including bentho-pelagic coupling, depth zonation, energetics, diversity, adaptations, hydrothermal vents, seamounts, abyssal plains, deep-sea resource extraction and global climate change. A-F only. Pre: 201 and BIOL 265, or consent. (Alt. years)

The following topics will be addressed: How are cities impacted by, and impacting climate change? How do urbanization, alteration of atmospheric processes, and extreme weather events affect urban systems and populations? A-F only. Pre: 363 or consent. (Fall only)

Introduction to the principles of sustainability analysis through execution of Life Cycle Analysis applied to products, processes, or systems. LCA and the evaluation of environmental impact will be presented. Personal computer or laptop (Word 97 or higher) OS, and minimum of 4GB RAM. Repeatable one time. Junior standing or higher. A-F only. Pre: (CHEM 161 and PHYS 170) with a minimum grade of C-; or consent. (Fall only) (Cross-listed as CEE 441 and SUST 441)

Introduction to the process of developing Environmental Management Systems that address the principles outlined in ISO14001:2015. Repeatable one time. Junior standing or higher. A-F only. (Spring only) (Cross-listed as PLAN 442 and TIM 462)

Watershed and coastal biogechemistry/ecosystem science. Emphasis on field surveying and sampling of stream and reef habitats; laboratory chemical/biological analyses. Analysis of land use impacts on ecosystem health and ahupua‘a resource management. A-F only. Pre: 201/201L, 310; or consent.

Combined lecture and discussion examining biological and physical interactions in the oceans and their impacts on the functioning of marine ecosystems. GES majors only. A-F only. Pre: 201/201L, 310/310L or GES 310/310L, and PHYS 272/272L; or consent. (Alt. years)

Introduction to modeling biogeochemical and physical oceanic processes by building a coupled model of the Pacific to investigate physical effects on plankton blooms. Students learn ecosystem dynamics, basic numerical methods, and programming. A-F only. GES majors only. Pre: 310, GES 310 or PHYS 272, and OCN/GG/ERTH 312 (with a minimum grade of B-). (Spring only)

Lecture/discussion to provide instruction and experience in oral and written presentation of scientific results and material. GES majors only in their final semester. A-F only. Pre: consent. (Cross-listed as GES 490)

Lecture and discussion or seminar. Current topics in environmental science explored in detail. Typically offered by faculty in their specialties, or developed in response to student interest. GES majors only. Repeatable unlimited times, credits earned up to six credits. Pre: consent.

Directed research in which the student carries out a scientific project of small to moderate scope with one or more chosen advisors. The student must complete a document in the style of a scientific journal article. Repeatable one time or up to six credits. Pre: consent. (Cross-listed as GES 499)

(3 hr Lec, 3 hr Lab) Introduction to the diversity of marine organisms and the many specialized coastal, reef, and oceanic habitats in which they live. Lab and field research exercises will complement lecture subjects. Graduate standing in Marine Biology graduate degree program only. MB ad OCN majors only. A-F only. Pre: consent. (Fall only) (Cross-listed as MBIO 601)

(3 hr Lec, 3 hr Lab) Investigation of biological phenomena and processes related to productivity and food webs, community structure and ecology, adaptations, and physiology, and impacts of human activities and fisheries. Graduate standing in Marine Biology graduate degree program only. MB and OCN majors only. A-F only. Pre: 601. Minimum prerequisite grade of B. (Spring only) (Cross-listed as MBIO 602)

Introduction to properties of seawater, oceanographic instruments and methods, heat budget, general ocean circulation, regional oceanography, waves, tides, sea level. Formation of water masses, dynamics of circulation. Repeatable one time. Pre: MATH 242 (or concurrent), or consent.

Factors governing productivity, population dynamics, distribution of organisms in major ecosystems of the ocean, emphasis on ecology of pelagic zone. OCN majors only. Pre: consent.

Marine geological processes, ocean basin structure and tectonics, sedimentation. Pre: GG/ERTH 101.

Chemical processes occurring in marine waters; why they occur and how they affect oceanic environment. Pre: CHEM 171.

Biochemical and biophysical concepts of photosynthesis. Application and interpretation of ecological processes of photosynthesis in aquatic systems. Open to nonmajors. A-F only. Pre: consent. (Spring only)

(3 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Distribution, abundance, and ecology of marine microplankton, including bacteria, algae, and protozoans, with an emphasis on metabolic rates and processes. Pre: consent. (Fall only)

(3 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Ecology of pelagic animals including feeding, energetics, predation, and anti-predation tactics. Life-history strategies, vertical flux of materials, population dynamics, fisheries. Pre: consent. (Spring only)

(3 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Processes controlling the structure and function of benthic communities, including organism-sediment-flow interactions, sediment geochemistry, feeding strategies, recruitment, succession, and population interactions. OCN and MB majors only. Pre: consent.

Molecular methods for studying marine functional ecology; emphasis on hand-on tools for ecological and biogeochemical processes of microbes; developing practical skills for research project in marine microbial ecology and biological oceanography. A-F only. Pre: 403, 626, 627, or 628; or consent. (Fall only)

(1.5 Lec, 1.5 Discussion) Biology and ecology of deep-sea organisms and communities. Topics including bentho-pelagic coupling, depth zonation, energetics, diversity, adaptations, hydrothermal vents, seamounts, abyssal plains, deep-sea resource extraction, and global climate change. Pre: consent. (Alt. years)

Distribution, origin, processes of formation. Sulfides, oxides, and placer minerals. Comparative studies of continental ore bodies. Submarine rift, subduction, and abduction. Pre: one of 622, 623, GG/ERTH 407, or GG/ERTH 603.

(2 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Current methods of analysis used in the ocean sciences, both in the field and in the laboratory. An ocean-going field trip provides students with hands-on training in sample collection and processing. The latter is followed by laboratory analyses of the collected samples throughout the remainder of the semester. Pre: BIOL 171 and CHEM 161 and GG/ERTH 101; or consent.

The synergy between the biogeochemistry of element cycling and the microbial organisms involved, interfacing across disciplines from the perspective of a practical blend of aquatic chemistry, microbiology, biogeochemistry, and molecular biology. Pre: 623 and consent. (Alt years: fall)

Global view of the planet and how it functions as an integrated unit. Biogeochemical processes, dynamics, and cycles, and analysis of natural and human-induced environmental change. Chemical history of ocean-atmosphere-sediment system and co-evolution of the biota. Repeatable one time. Pre: BS in environmentally related science or one year of chemistry, physics, and calculus. (Cross-listed as GG/ ERTH 638)

Application of the scientific method; physical regimes in the ocean; ocean processes and observational strategies; resolution, sampling, array design and observing systems; models and data assimilation; major field programs; operational oceanography and climate prediction. Pre: 620 and consent.

(2 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Environment of deposition and subsequent diagenesis of modern and ancient sediments. Petrogenesis of siliciclastic, carbonate and orthochemical rocks. Sedimentology, sedimentary petrography and geochemistry. Repeatable one time. Pre: consent. (Cross-listed as GG/ERTH 641) F

Changes in the chemical composition of meteorites, bulk Earth, Earth’s mantle and crust, sedimentary rocks, hydrosphere and biosphere, and underlying principles. Pre: consent. (Cross-listed as GG/ERTH 642)

Seminar on a broad topic; discussion and critique of research papers. Repeatable one time. Pre: 623 or consent.

Geochemical thermodynamics and kinetics and their use in interpreting the origin of sediments, sedimentary rocks, and natural waters over a range of pressure-temperature conditions. Pre: CHEM 171, MATH 242, PHYS 152; or consent. (Cross-listed as GG/ERTH 644)

(3 Lec, 2 3-hr Lab) Introduction to numerical methods, data analysis, error propagation, box models, linear and nonlinear least squares, perturbation theory, numerical integration. Pre: MATH 244 or MATH 253A.

(1 8-hr Lab) Modern methods for sampling microbial populations from the sea and for quantifying biomass and in siturates of metabolism. Integrated field projects, theme varies. OCN majors only. Pre: 621 or 623, and 626; or consent.

Survey of wave types-acoustic, capillary, gravity, inertial, vorticity. Basic wave concepts emphasized: phase and group velocities, standing waves, energy conservation, dispersion, refraction, diffraction. Rotation and boundary effects are covered: reflection, basin modes, trapping, tides. Pre: MATH 402 or consent.

Baroclinic gravity waves, inertial waves, mid-latitude Rossby waves, topographic waves, equatorial waves. Pre: 660 or consent.

Introduction to classical hydrodynamics and continuum mechanics. Techniques for solution of Navier Stokes equations on various scales of oceanic motion; potential theory, dynamic modeling, and viscous and rotational processes. Pre: MATH 403.

Techniques of satellite observations of the ocean, including temperature, pigment concentration, currents, and winds; analysis of a satellite data set as term project. A-F only. OCN majors only. Pre: 620 or consent.

Measurement techniques in physical oceanography, including pressure, temperature, salinity, oxygen, optical sensors, current meters, navigation systems, ocean acoustics, and mooring structures. Includes a laboratory research project. A-F only. OCN majors only. Pre: 620 or consent.

Observations and theory of small-scale processes which couple the atmosphere and ocean boundary layers, including introduction to turbulence theory and parameterization of turbulent fluxes. Pre: MATH 402 and MATH 403 (or their equivalents) and either 620 or ATMO 600, or consent. (Alt. years) (Cross-listed as ATMO 665)

Lecture/seminar introduces physical oceanography and meteorology students to the state-of-the-art theories and observations of large-scale ocean-atmosphere interaction, as well as conveying the fundamental understanding that has been developed during the past 30 years. Emphasis will be on phenomena such as El Nino/Southern Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and global climate change. Repeatable one time. Pre: 620 or ATMO 600, or consent. (Alt. years) (Cross-listed as ATMO 666)

Basic concepts and equations to describe large-scale ocean circulation; numerical models; boundary layers; models of wind-driven circulation of a homogeneous ocean. Pre: 620 and 662, or consent.

Thermodynamics of stratified fluids; convection; mixing; models of the thermohaline circulation; the role of eddies in the large-scale ocean circulation. Pre: 667 or consent.

Study of the paloeceanographic and paleoclimate evolution of the Earth’s oceans, atmosphere, and biosphere. Repeatable one time. Pre: consent. (Alt. years) (Cross-listed as GG/ERTH 674)

Combined lecture/discussion examining biological and physical interactions in the oceans and their impacts on the functioning of marine ecosystems. A-F only. Pre: previous course in marine science, or consent. (Alt. years)

Introduction to modeling biological and physical oceanic processes by building a coupled model of the Pacific to investigate physical effects on biological production. Students will learn biological-physical dynamics, basic numerical methods, and programming. Pre: 620, 621, or consent. (Alt. years)

(3 hr Lec/Lab) Introduces project management, data analysis, and mathematical and statistical modeling using R as a platform. Students will learn principles and benefits of programming languages to apply skills to their own research. (Spring only)

(2 hr Lec, 1 hr Lab) In-depth introduction to the modern statistical methods necessary for analyzing biological/ ecological data, including GLMs, GAMs, mixed models, ordination, etc. Students will learn how to perform these methods in R. (Fall only

Repeatable unlimited times. Pre: consent. CR/NC only.

Research for master’s thesis. Repeatable unlimited times.

Seminar. Literature and concepts in one of several active fields considered in detail. Repeatable three times, credits earned up to 12 credits. Pre: consent.

Near-shore processes, advanced mathematical techniques, recent developments, etc. Typically given by visiting professors in their specialties, or in response to student interest. Repeatable unlimited times.

Oceanographic topics of current interest. Repeatable unlimited times.

Introduction to the organization and functioning of oceanography funding agencies, the peer-review process, and the design and development of a research proposal. Repeatable one time. OCN majors only. CR/NC only. Pre: two of the following: 621, 626, 627 (or concurrent), or 628 (or concurrent); or consent.

Research for doctoral dissertation. Repeatable unlimited times.