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School of Architecture

ARCH 100 Introduction to the Built Environment (3)

Introduction to the breadth of design in today’s global culture. Exploration of human responses to place, climate, culture, communication, and technology, with emphasis on the impact of scientific knowledge on environmental design. Open to nonmajors. A-F only.

ARCH 101 Design Fundamentals Studio I (4)

Introduction to creative design processes focusing on the investigation of composition within defining perceivable space. Hands-on exploration of materials and structures as an introduction to design processes. ENVD majors only. A-F only.

ARCH 102 Design Fundamentals Studio II (4)

Continued exploration of design processes. Introduction to CAD technologies, material exploration, and creative exploration including the relationship between digital, physical, and materials aspects of design. ENVD majors only. A-F only. Pre: 101.

ARCH 200 Collaboration in Environmental Design (3)

Investigation of the various disciplines in the environmental design field, including architecture, landscape architecture, interiors, historic preservation, urban design, and construction management. Emphasis given to collaborative methods to address critical issues. Open to non-majors. A-F only. Pre: 100.

ARCH 201 Beginning Design Studio I (4)

Exploration of critical judgment and means to conceptualize, develop, represent, and both visually and orally communicate form and space, including freehand drawing, mechanical drawing, physical model making, diagramming, and computer graphic techniques. ENVD majors only. A-F only. Pre: 102.

ARCH 202 Beginning Design Studio II (4)

Development of designs and processes to study precedents and explore solutions responding to human needs in built and natural environments. Analysis and representation of architectonic space and form using hand and computer techniques. ENVD majors only. A-F only. Pre: 201.

ARCH 220 Introduction to Environmental Systems A (3)

Introduction to building systems, including structural, environmental, life-safety, building envelope, building materials and building assemblies. Development of design skills with emphasis on elevating skills in assessing and selecting appropriate building systems. ARCH and ENVD majors only. A-F only. Pre: 132 or 102, and MATH 140X.

ARCH 271 World Architecture and Urbanism A (3)

Investigation of the history and theory of architecture in the world’s major cultural regions, from early agricultural settlements to 1500 C.E. Investigation of architecture in relationship to social, political, technological, and material forces. ARCH and ENVD majors only. A-F only. Pre: HIST 151.

ARCH 272 World Architecture and Urbanism B (3)

Investigation of the history and theory of architecture from the 15th century C.E. to the present. Investigation of architecture in relationship to social, political, technological, and material forces. ARCH and ENVD majors only. A-F only. Pre: HIST 152.

ARCH 321 Introduction to Environmental Systems B (3)

Introduction to environmentalism; focusing on the impact of building systems of the
global environment; the role of environmental regulations/certifications, and understanding of sustainable principles (economic, social, and natural systems). ARCH and ENVD majors only. A-F only. Pre: 220 and PHYS 151/151L.

ARCH 341 Intermediate Design Studio I (4)

Building and site design with emphasis on site development, analysis, and climatic response. Introduction to sustainable design, land use ordinances, description and delineation of property and land features, and urban and community design influences. ENVD majors only. A-F only. Pre: 200 and 202.

ARCH 342 Intermediate Design Studio II (4)

Architectural design with emphasis on space planning, building materials, technology, climatic responses, and codes including complex functional requirements, multi-story design issues, vertical transportation, structure, and finishes. Production of complete schematic design documents. Detailed writing instruction. ENVD majors only. A-F only. Pre: 341.

ARCH 352 Landscape Architecture History (3)

Survey of the history of landscape architecture from Mesopotamia to present. Review of the physical, cultural, social, economic, and political factors, as well as the environmental concerns, horticultural techniques, and technological innovations of historic landscapes. ENVD and LAND majors only. A-F only. (Spring only) (Cross-listed as TPSS 352)

ARCH 353 Landscape Graphics Studio (4)

Basic skills of landscape graphic communication through a creative process model. Learning free hand and technical drafting techniques to creative effective landscape graphics. ARCH and ENVD majors only. Pre: consent. (Alt. years) (Cross-listed as TPSS 353)

ARCH 354 Tropical Landscape Planting Design Studio (4)

Students will develop basic skills of residential landscape graphic and design processes in
order to clearly articulate the ability to think, analyze, and extend a physical solution in the proper scale. Repeatable one time. ARCH and ENVD majors only. A-F only. (Alt. years) (Cross-listed as TPSS 354)

ARCH 371 Design Theory (3)

Examination of theories, movements, and periods in architectural history focusing on contemporary issues. Requires a minimum of 4,000 words of writing, and three oral
communication assignments. ARCH and ENVD majors only. A-F only. Pre: 201, 220, 271, and 272.

ARCH 381 Landform and Water (3)

Essential topographic site design concepts and skills needed to reshape the land for human use, circulation, water management, and resilience. Topics will be reinforced through problem sets and analytical, computational, graphical, and technical exercises. ENVD and LAND majors only. A-F only. Pre: 201 and 220.

ARCH 399 Directed Work (V)

ARCH and ENVD majors only. Pre: consent.

ARCH 415 Concentration Design Studio (6)

Professional experience combined with scholarly and research activity occurring in an off-campus location with a focus on architectural concentration areas. ARCH and ENVD majors only. A-F only. Pre: 342.

ARCH 416 Capstone Design Studio (4)

Culminating design studio with focus on the development of a comprehensive design project integrating all major aspects of prior environmental design education. BEnvD majors only. A-F only. Pre: 415.

ARCH 432 Construction Project Management (3)

Introductory treatment of the management of construction. Construction supervision, contract documents, estimating and bidding, organization, planning and scheduling, administration, business methods, safety, and labor. ARCH and ENVD majors only. A-F only. (Cross-listed as CEE 472)

ARCH 433 Professional Practice Law and Ethics (3)

Knowledge of professional standards and a broad understanding of the practice of architecture, including professionalism; ethical conduct; public, client, consultant, contractor, and government relations; project administration, contracts, procedures, and compensation; land use and construction law. ENVD majors only. A-F only. Pre: 341.

ARCH 434 Digital Design Synthesis (3)

Investigation of processes for generating architectonic form using current digital technologies. Making advanced geometric models including investigation of morphological transformations. Study of design optimization, digital fabrication, information modeling, and generative algorithms. ARCH and ENVD majors only. A-F only. Pre: 235.

ARCH 436 Design Exchange (3)

Seminar centered on academic and cultural exchanges, focused on advanced topics related to the design of built environments. ARCH majors only. A-F only.

ARCH 472 Documentation of Historic Architecture (V)

Study and documentation of existing buildings, structures, and sites of historic and/or cultural significance, including field measurements and drawings, historical research, photo documentation, and preparation of archival drawings to be deposited in the Library of Congress. Documentation conducted according to standards of the Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record (HABS/HAER). Repeatable three times, up to 24 credits. ARCH, ENVD, and AMST majors only. Pre: consent. (Cross-listed as AMST 475)

ARCH 473 History of American Architecture (3)

History of American architecture in terms of style, techniques, and symbolic meaning. ARCH and ENVD majors only. (Cross-listed as AMST 423)

ARCH 474 Preservation: Hawai‘i, Asia, and the Pacific (3)

Lectures and discussions on historic preservation issues in Hawai‘i, Asia, and the Pacific.
Emphasis on indigenous and national expressions. ARCH and ENVD majors only. Pre: junior standing or consent. (Cross-listed as AMST 474)

ARCH 483 Urban Ecological Analysis and Design (3)

Applied urban and landscape ecology principles and strategies for analysis, design, and management of urban regions and sites; emphasis on structure, functions, and processes that form urban landscapes at multiple scales and in diverse contexts. ENVD and LAND majors only. A-F only. Pre: 381.

ARCH 484 Plants in Design (3)

Introduction to the use of plants as design elements in the built environment across diverse scales. Examination of the spatial, sensory, ecological, and performative qualities of vegetation through analysis of historic and contemporary examples. ENVD and LAND majors only. A-F only. Pre: 381.

ARCH 490 Special Topics (3)

Selected topics in any aspect of architecture. Content to be announced. Repeatable four times. ARCH and ENVD majors only.

ARCH 491 Special Topics in Architecture History (3)

Specialized work on the history and theory of architecture. Repeatable unlimited times. ARCH and ENVD majors only. A-F only.

ARCH 492 Special Topics in Architectural Technology (3)

Specialized investigation of technological developments in structural systems, environmental control systems, or materials and methods of construction. Repeatable unlimited times. ARCH and ENVD majors only. A-F only.

ARCH 493 Special Topics in Architecture and Design (3)

Work on specialized topics in the fields of architecture and design. May include research and/or studio experiences in architecture, interior architecture, computer-aided design, professional practice, advanced visual design, and architectural graphics. Repeatable unlimited times. ARCH and ENVD majors only. A-F only.

ARCH 494 Explore Furniture Design (3)

Exploration of design and building principles as related to furniture. Emphasis on fundamentals of practice and an understanding of materials and structure, with an intensive hands-on building experience. Repeatable one time. BEnvD majors only. A-F only. Pre: 102.

ARCH 496 Special Topics in Architecture and Writing (V)

Reading, research, and work on topics in architecture and design. Includes an intensive writing component. May include specialized research and/or studio experience in architecture, design, and the history and theory of architecture and design. ENVD majors only. Pre: 100 and 101.

ARCH 623 American Architecture (3)

Cultural analysis of the evolution of American architecture from the Colonial period to the present involving sociopolitical and economic, as well as aesthetic, considerations. (Cross-listed as AMST 623)

ARCH 628 Preservation: Theory and Practice (3)

History and philosophy of historic preservation movement. Analysis of values and assumptions, methodologies and tactics, implications for society and public policy. (Cross-listed as PLAN 675)

ARCH 631 Design Communication for Landscape Architects (3)

Theory and application in design communication, including drawing and presentation
skills; emphasis on the design process and critical thinking through analog and digital media, diagramming, three-dimensional modeling, and various other presentation techniques. LAND majors only. A-F only.

ARCH 633 Computer Applications in Landscape Architecture (3)

Introduction to the use of computers in landscape architecture, emphasizing two- and three dimensional computer-aided drawings and graphics suitable to landscape architectural design and practice. LAND majors only. A-F only.

ARCH 634 Landscape Plants: Identification and Use (3)

Introduction to the identification, recognition, and use of plants in landscape design and built environment applications. Students will be introduced to a variety of landscape plants commonly used in Hawai‘i and the tropics. LAND majors only. A-F only. (Cross-listed as TPSS 634)

ARCH 635 Landscape Materials and Construction (3)

Examination of materials and methods of landscape construction from source, extraction, and manufacturing, to use and reuse. Assignments include drawing standard construction details and a report on the history of material use, properties, and qualities. LAND majors only. Graduate students only. A-F only. Pre: 381.

ARCH 636 Landscape Architectural Professional Practice (3)

Introduction of practices and core methods of the landscape architecture profession.
Subjects include business and governmental organization, elements of contract law, business management, professional relationships, marketing, professional licensure, and ethics. LAND majors only. Graduate students only. A-F only. Pre: 634 and 635.

ARCH 641 Land Use Planning (3)

Issues and methods of urban land use planning practice and plan making. A-F only. Pre: PLAN 640 or consent. (Crosslisted as PLAN 645)

ARCH 645 Historic Preservation (3)

Federal, state, and local laws and regulations that regulate and provide protection to significant archaeological and historical resources in Hawai‘i and the region. (Alt. years: spring only) (Cross-listed as AMST 645 and ANTH 645)

ARCH 650 Vernacular Architecture (3)

Methods and approaches in the study of vernacular architecture, cultural landscapes and material culture, with an emphasis on traditions and innovations in the Americas. (Cross-listed as AMST 681)

ARCH 651 Fundamentals of Landscape Design Studio (6)

Theory and application of foundational landscape design principles, programming, and physical analysis to site-based design problems. Visual, formal, spatial, and functional design principles are applied to ecological and cultural influences in landscape design. LAND majors only. Graduate students only. A-F only.

ARCH 652 Site Design Studio (6)

Landscape project design at the site scale; from concept development through detailed design. Synthesis of foundational skills into more complex, layered spatial, and functional problems. Emphasis on site research and design methods. LAND majors only. Graduate students only. A-F only.

ARCH 656 Environmental and Cultural Landscape Studio (4)

Exploring, understanding, and implementing Hawaiian and Western cultural and environmental landscape design principles. A concentrated look at how to think about creating and respecting a sense of place through landscape design. LAND and TPSS majors only. A-F only. (Cross-listed as TPSS 656)

ARCH 658 Environmental Landscape Technologies and Systems (3)

Understanding the science and art of green landscape technologies, with a comprehensive understanding of LID (low impact design) principles and practices; to increase knowledge to help produce more viable and enduring built landscapes. LAND majors only. A-F only. (Crosslisted as TPSS 658)

ARCH 674 Preservation Field Seminar (3)

Provides participants with basic knowledge of the field of historic preservation as well as the fundamental knowledge of how to document, conserve, and preserve both tangible and intangible cultural properties. Repeatable three times. (Summer only)

ARCH 676 Recording Historic and Cultural Resources (3)

Techniques in recording and evaluation of historic buildings and other resources, with an emphasis on field recordings and state and federal registration procedures. Graduate students only or consent. (Cross-listed as ANTH 676 and PLAN 676)

ARCH 677 Historic Preservation Planning (3)

Local-level historic preservation, with an emphasis on historic districts, design guidelines, regulatory controls, and community consensus-building. (Cross-listed as PLAN 677)

ARCH 679 Elements of Style (3)

The manifestations, visual characteristics, and social/ cultural meaning of “style” in American architecture and decorative arts from the early settlement period through the present. (Cross-listed as AMST 679)

ARCH 682 Building Well-Being: Health and the Built Environment (3)

History, concepts, and theories behind the relationship between health and the built environment stressing transdisciplinary understanding and collaboration through readings, discussion, and real world-based exercises. LAND, ARCH, and PLAN majors only. Graduate students only. A-F only. (Crosslisted as PLAN 682)

ARCH 685 (Alpha) Preservation Field Study (6)

On-site historic preservation field study. Site will rotate. Academic and hands-on preservation training. (B) Hawai‘i; (C) Asia; (D) Pacific. Each alpha repeatable up to 18 credits. Pre: consent.

ARCH 687 Culture & Urban Form in Asia (3)

Cultural and historical impact on urban form, contention of tradition and modernity in urban space, spatial expression of state and society, perception and utilization of urban design, evolution of urban form in selected Asian capitals. Pre: 341, ASAN 312, PLAN 310 or PLAN 600. (Cross-listed as ASAN 636 and PLAN 636)

ARCH 690 Special Topics Seminar (3)

Seminar on a wide range of architectural topics to be directed by both visiting and regular faculty. Repeatable three times. ARCH and LAND majors only. Pre: consent

ARCH 692 Special Topics in Architectural Technology (3)

Specialized investigation at an advanced level of technological developments in structural systems, environmental control systems, or materials and methods of construction. Repeatable unlimited times.

ARCH 693 Special Topics in Architecture and Design (3)

Intensive work on specialized topics in the fields of architecture and design. May include research and/or studio experiences in architecture, interior architecture, computer-aided design, professional practice, advanced visual design, and architectural graphics. Repeatable unlimited times.

ARCH 694 Special Topics in Furniture Design and Fabrication (4)

Exploration of design and building principles as related to furniture. Emphasis on fundamentals of practice, an understanding of materials and structure, with an intensive hands-on building experience. Additionally, a survey of 20th Century furniture design. Repeatable one time. ARCH majors
only. A-F only.

ARCH 695 Applied Theories of Landscape Architecture (3)

Graduate seminar on discussion of central ideas and theories in landscape architecture and environmental design, drawing on primary literature and speculative or built design work over many decades of thought. ARCH and LAND majors only, or consent. Graduate students only. A-F only. (Cross-listed as SUST 695)

ARCH 696 Special Topics in Landscape Architecture (3)

Seminar on a wide range of landscape architectural topics to be directed by both
visiting and regular faculty. Repeatable three times. ARCH and LAND majors only. Graduate students only. A-F only.

ARCH 699 Directed Work (V)

ARCH and LAND majors only.

ARCH 700 MLA Thesis (V)

Landscape architectural thesis research and design inquiry. Limited to MLA students under Plan A. Repeatable unlimited times. LAND majors only. Graduate students only.
Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory only. Pre: consent.

ARCH 715 Asia-Pacific Architectural History and Theory (3)

Study of the history and theory of culture and the built environment with particular focus on the Asia-Pacific region. ARCH majors only. Graduate students only. A-F only.

ARCH 716 Architecture and Urban Design Theory (3)

Detailed investigation of major theories in architecture and urban design and examination of their impact on contemporary architectural practice in varied geo-political contexts. Open to non-majors. A-F only.

ARCH 722 Architecture Systems I: Introduction to Systems (3)

Study of building materials, assemblies, and integrated design including structural, environmental, life-safety, and building envelope systems. Development of ability to design, analyze and assess appropriate systems. ARCH majors only. A-F only. Pre: MATH 140X. 

ARCH 723 Architecture Systems II: Qualitative Bioclimatic and Structural Performance (3)

Introduction to the theory of bioclimatic principles and structural systems and the ability to analyze, assess, select, design, and integrate them as initial determinants into the building design. ARCH majors only. A-F only. Pre: graduate status.

ARCH 724 Architecture Systems III: Quantitative Structural Analysis and Design (3)

Introduction to procedures and wood, steel, concrete, and masonry material properties used for structural analysis and design of individual structural elements and building structural systems. ARCH majors only. A-F only. Pre: 723.

ARCH 725 Architecture Systems IV: Environmental Technology, Sustainability, and Analysis (3)

Application and analysis of highperformance building design principles. Emphasis on climate-appropriate passive design, energy-efficient lighting and conditioning strategies, innovative water systems, and renewable energy production. ARCH majors only. A-F only. Pre: 723.

ARCH 726 Architecture Systems V: Building Systems Integration (3)

Properties, evolution, and range of building materials, assemblies, and systems and their applications in integrated high-performance building design with a focus on the role of detail and systems in the design process. ARCH majors only. A-F only. Pre: 724, 725, and 733. Co-requisite: 744.

ARCH 731 Advanced Design Communication I (3)

(Lec, Lab) Exploration of digital technologies, their relationship to design, and their application to architectural analysis, conceptualization, design processes, communication, representation, and construction. ARCH majors only. A-F only. Pre: departmental approval.

ARCH 733 Advanced Design Communication II (3)

(Lec, Lab) An interdisciplinary investigation of design theory as connected to digital technology and its applications to current developments in practice and research within architecture and design. ARCH majors only. Graduate students only. A-F only.

ARCH 734 Forms and Frames of Practice (3)

Comprehensive study of architectural practice within the global context with emphasis on the Asia Pacific region. Exploration of information technology systems, materials and design process research, construction technology, computer aided manufacturing, and entrepreneurial approaches. ARCH majors only. Graduate students only. A-F only.

ARCH 737 Advanced Design Communications III (3)

Interdisciplinary investigation of design theory as connected to architectural presentation techniques, particularly oral and written, to current developments in architectural practice. A-F only.

ARCH 739 Research Methods Seminar (3)

Comprehensive assessment of objectives and function of research in architecture and landscape architecture. Lecture, seminar, independent work with emphasis on research project topic and proposal development. ARCH and LAND majors only. Graduate students only. A-F only. Pre: 715 or 761.

ARCH 740 Architecture Studio I: Intro to Design (6)

Design theories and systematic analytic and synthetic methodologies applied to creation of
building and site spaces responsive to environmental and human needs. Several individual projects. ARCH majors only. A-F only.

ARCH 742 Architecture Studio III (6)

Design of complex, large scale building and site engaging social, cultural, code, sustainable systems, and acoustic issues. Production of schematic and design development documents. ARCH majors only. Graduate standing only. A-F only.

ARCH 743 Architecture Studio IV: Urban Design (6)

Urban design focused on Asian cities investigating social, cultural, political, and technological factors; study of historical precedents, building/block typology, circulation, infrastructure, and context response. ARCH and LAND majors only. A-F only. Pre: 733 and 742, or 761.

ARCH 744 Architecture Studio V: Comprehensive Design (6)

Design and programming for a moderately complex building and site. Production of design development and partial construction documents describing sustainable building assemblies and construction cost. ARCH majors only. A-F only. Pre: 724, 725, 733, and 743. Co-requisite: 726.

ARCH 745 Advanced Practice (3)

Comprehensive study of architectural practice investigating architect’s response to global forces, including entrepreneurial practice, office organization, project delivery, compensation, and construction law. ARCH majors only. A-F only. Pre: 739 and 743.

ARCH 747 (Alpha) Professional Studio (V)

Scholarly and research activity combined with professional experience occurring in an off-campus location. (B) business; (C) community design; (E) alternative experience; (G) global; (H) Hawai‘i; (P) practicum; (T) China. Repeatable one time per alpha. ARCH majors only. Graduate standing only for (G), (H), and (T). A-F only. Pre: 744, and 750C or 750G for (B), (G), and (T); 744 and 745 for (H); 726, 744, 745, 750G, and 781 for (C), (E), and (P).

ARCH 749 (Alpha) Research Studio in Professional Setting (6)

Scholarly and research activity combined with professional experience occurring in an off campus location. (C) China; (G) global. ARCH majors only. Graduate students only. A-F only. Pre: 743 for (C).

ARCH 750 (Alpha) Architecture Studio (6)

Urban design focused on investigating social, cultural, political, and technological factors; study of historical precedents, building/block typology, circulation, infrastructure, and context response. (C) China; (G) design research. A-F only. ARCH Global Track only. Graduate standing only. Pre: 744 for (C); 739 and 743 for (G).

ARCH 754 Research Seminar (3)

Varied topics furthering knowledge and ability needed for professional design practice emphasizing communication methods for collaborative and integrated design using digital technologies. ARCH majors only. A-F only. Pre: 739.

ARCH 755 Advanced Global Practice (3)

Comprehensive study of architectural practice investigating architect’s response to global forces, including entrepreneurial practice, office organization, project delivery, compensation, and construction law. A-F only. Pre: 745.

ARCH 761 Ecology, Community, and Design (6)

Exploration of the interaction of landscape and community necessities in urban ecological design. Studio problems, design research projects, lectures, and discussion applied to the integration of ecological and social factors in urban contexts. LAND majors only. Graduate students only. A-F only. Pre: 483 and 652.

ARCH 763 Advanced Project Design Studio: Comprehensive (6)

Design and programming for a complex, medium-scale, multi-layered urban landscape architecture project. Iterative, advanced design inquiry and materials exploration. Production of in-depth, comprehensive design development and partial construction documents. LAND majors only. Graduate students only. A-F only. Pre: 634, 635, 743, and 761.

ARCH 764 (Alpha) Capstone Studio (V)

Advanced landscape architectural design inquiry and applied research investigation. Serves as a capstone experience, synthesizing theory, values, and practice. Limited to MLA students under Plan B. (D) design (6 credits); (R) research (3 credits). Repeatable one time per alpha, up to 18 credits. LAND majors only. Graduate students only. A-F only. Pre: 743 and 763.

ARCH 771 Architecture History (3)

Investigation of architectural history and theory in the world from antiquity to present. Examining social, political, technological, material, and environmental forces. ARCH majors only. A-F only.

ARCH 781 Advanced Research Methods and Design Inquiry (3)

Individual development of a Doctorate Project or MArch Capstone proposal that advances architectural knowledge through analysis, research, scholarship, and design. ARCH majors only. A-F only. Pre: 739. 

ARCH 782 Case Study and Analysis (3)

Individual development of a case study project that advances architectural knowledge through analysis, research, scholarship, design, and engages theoretical and architectonic propositions. ARCH majors only. Graduate students only. A-F only. Pre: instructor consent.

ARCH 783 (Alpha) MArch Capstone Studio (V)

Advanced capstone architectural design research synthesizing theory and practice. (D) design; (R) research. MArch students only. A-F only. Pre: 716, 726, 744, and 745. Co-requisite: (R) for (D); (D) for (R).

ARCH 784 (Alpha) Doctorate Project I (6)

Individual development of a doctorate project with an approved chair and doctorate project committee that advances architectural knowledge through analysis, research, scholarship, and design; (H) Hawaii; (T) Tongji. Repeatable one time for (H). ARCH majors only. Graduate students only. A-F only. Pre: 747C or 747P or 747E for (H); 750C or 750G for (T).

ARCH 786 (Alpha) Doctorate Project II (6)

Individual development of a doctorate project with an approved chair and doctorate project committee that advances architectural knowledge through analysis, research, scholarship, design, and engages theoretical and architectonic propositions; (H) Hawaii; (T) Tongji. Repeatable one time for (H). ARCH majors only. Graduate students only. A-F only. Pre: 784H for (H); 784T for (T).

ARCH 788 Doctorate Project II Extension (3)

Extension of the development of a doctorate project with an approved committee that advances architectural knowledge through research, scholarship, design, and engages theoretical and architectonic propositions. Repeatable one time. ARCH majors only. CR/NC only.