Fig. 2.26. A gyotaku print
Image by Kanesa Duncan Seraphin
Core Idea |
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LS1.A: Structure and Function
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LS1.B: Growth and Development of Organisms
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LS1.C: Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms
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LS1.D: Information Processing
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LS2: Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics |
LS2.A: Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems
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LS2.B: Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems
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LS2.C: Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience
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LS2.D: Social Interactions and Group Behavior
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LS3: Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits |
LS3.A: Inheritance of Traits
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LS3.B: Variation of Traits
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LS4: Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity |
LS4.A: Evidence of Common Ancestry and Diversity
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LS4.B: Natural Selection
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LS4.C: Adaptation
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LS4.D: Biodiversity and Humans
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According to the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), performance expectations describe what students who demonstrate understanding should know and be able to do. Performance expectations encompass practices, crosscutting concepts, and disciplinary core ideas (DCI). Most performance expectations are accompanied by a clarification statement, which provides examples or explains the emphasis of the performance expectation (Table 2.7). Many performance expectations also have an assessment boundary, indicating an appropriate level of depth for the performance expectations (Table 2.7). Full performance expectations including clarification statements, assessment boundaries, links to common core state standards, and how each expectation is related to practices, crosscutting concepts, and DCI are available on the NGSS website.
HS-LS1-1. Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells. [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include identification of specific cell or tissue types, whole body systems, specific protein structures and functions, or the biochemistry of protein synthesis.] |
Performance Expectations often encompass a depth and breadth of content that is beyond the scope of any one lesson or activity. For this reason, in Exploring Our Fluid Earth, Performance Expectations are aligned at the topic level. Each topic contains a combination of content, activities, and/or question sets that build toward the associated performance expectations. For each topic, a linking sentence describes how the contents of the topic address the performance expectations.
Fig. 2.26. A gyotaku print
Image by Kanesa Duncan Seraphin
For example, this curriculum addresses the performance expectation MS-LS4-2 (Apply scientific ideas to construct an explanation for the anatomical similarities and differences among modern organisms and between modern and fossil organisms to infer evolutionary relationships) in the topic Structure and Function in the unit on fish (Fig. 2.26). The linking sentence for this topic describes how the content and activities in the topic, including the activity Fish Printing for Form and Function, work towards building an understanding of adaptations and evolutionary relationships.