Na Kalaniākea Wilson (PhD Candidate, Political Science)
My research project for this trip is to investigate what Papakilo database has to say about Japan in relation to King Kalakaua’s trip to Japan in 1881. First, I’ll introduce characteristics of this archive then I’ll describe how this archive viewed Japan.
The benefit of this archive is the length of time that’s searchable from 1834 to 1948. Now we are able to search a word or phrase and we can begin to understand differences, evolutions, perspectives, value system, changes in meaning, usage, popularity, before and after Americanization. To begin to undue intergenerational brainwashing from the war crime of Americanization, Hawaiian inventions, words, terms and phrases need to be compared to the Hawaiian language newspaper archive prior to Americanization. While Hawaiian language newspapers began in 1834 which were missionary controlled, Hawaiians only began to completely control every step of the process to produce, edit, and distribute their own newspapers until the 1860ʻs. This is important to note because a drastic change in the number of hits and examples will increase exponentially after the 1860ʻs and will continue to increase until after the decade Americanization begins from 1890 to 1900. From Americanization 1900 to 1948 a steady decline in hits and examples until the extermination of Hawaiian language newspapers in 1948. Only recently the Office of Hawaiian Affairs have been digitizing their newspapers and some articles in Hawaiian language have been registered as hits. The significance of these articles are they were produced after three generations of Americanization. This is good evidence to confirm the degree in which Hawaiian language has been Americanized from within the revitalization of Hawaiian language after 1978. I chose 1978, because that is when the Ahahui Olelo Hawaii revitalization movement of Hawaiian language confirmed twelve letters and the okina as the Hawaiian alphabet effectively removing nine letters of the original Hawaiian alphabet confirmed by Hawaiian chiefs in 1822.
To confirm my conclusions above I chose to utilize as an example of comparison to a common Hawaiian word “pono”. The word “pono” is a good reflection representing majority of Hawaiian words found in this database. Comparing the Japanese words or Hawaiianized Japanese words found in Papakilo database can help assist the reader in their research. When you are able to compare and contrast the different decades with the number of hits of these words you can develop different hypothesis as to the reasons why numbers of of certain words increase or decrease. For example in my chart below the term kepani continues to increase after 1893 rather than follow the majority of words that decrease after 1893.
Osaka
January 11, 1868, the Hartford bound for Osaka capsized on the bar. The accident was seen from the ship.
The Japanese Ironclad Ram Stonewall, arrived in Valpariso on the 6 of January. Her next port will be Honolulu
| Na Makahiki | Pono | Kepani | Iapan | Iapana | Kioto | Kyoto | Nippon | Nipona |
| 1830 – 1839 | 1,426 | 13 | ||||||
| 1840 – 1849 | 1,636 | 5 | ||||||
| 1850 – 1859 | 1,667 | 3 | 8 | 1 | ||||
| 1860 – 1869 | 11,332 | 16 | 197 | 3 | ||||
| 1870 – 1879 | 14,460 | 5 | 3 | 332 | 2 | 2 | 3 | |
| 1880 – 1889 | 15,385 | 57 | 1 | 398 | 3 | 76 | 2 | |
| 1890 – 1899 | 38,886 | 1,175 | 37 | 2,820 | 17 | 2 | 179 | 7 |
| 1900 – 1909 | 22,242 | 2,347 | 14 | 1,378 | 1 | 1 | 32 | 17 |
| 1910 – 1919 | 22,037 | 3,405 | 8 | 314 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 36 |
| 1920 – 1929 | 14,898 | 2,949 | 1 | 309 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 4 |
| 1930 – 1939 | 6,858 | 844 | 4 | 281 | 2 | 4 | 2 | |
| 1940 – 1949 | 1,739 | 913 | 2 | 42 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 1980 – 1989 | 196 | 5 | 2 | |||||
| 1990 – 1999 | 493 | 4 | 1 | 4 | ||||
| 2000 – 2009 | 435 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 2010 – 2019 | 435 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 2020 – 2029 | 309 | 1 | 2 | |||||
| Total | 154,469 | 11,727 | 72 | 6,098 | 39 | 19 | 309 |
References