Apply the OLP in these units https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/ en Weird Science: The Southern Ocean Basin https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/world-ocean/ocean-basins-and-continents/weird-science-southern-ocean-basin <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--special-feature-page.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Weird Science: The Southern Ocean Basin</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-display-title--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--node--field-display-title.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--field-display-title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-display-title field--type-string field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Title</div> <div class="field__item"><h2>Weird Science: The Southern Ocean Basin</h2> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--special-feature-page.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <a title="View user profile." href="/exploringourfluidearth/users/paul" class="username">paul</a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--special-feature-page.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 06/07/2011 - 16:11</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-practices--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-practices.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-practices.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-practices field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-1"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Science and Engineering Practices</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/sep/obtaining-evaluating-and-communicating-information" hreflang="en">Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-toc--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--node--field-toc.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--field-toc.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-toc field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Table of Contents</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/toc/physical/world-ocean/ocean-basins-and-continents/weird-science-southern-ocean-basin" hreflang="en">Weird Science: The Southern Ocean Basin</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--comment-node-special-feature-p--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--node--comment-node-special-feature-p.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--comment-node-special-feature-p.html.twig x field--comment.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--comment.html.twig' --> <section class="field field--name-comment-node-special-feature-p field--type-comment field--label-hidden comment-wrapper"> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--comment.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Some ideas that categorize the world, such as the number of ocean basins, can seem like unchanging facts. But really, these categories are based on human definitions and can be modified over time with new information. As exploration and improvements in methodology add to the body of scientific knowledge, prevailing scientific ideas can, and do, change. The Southern ocean basin is one example of how politics and human nature interface with science. </p> <p> </p> <p>Some maps have a fifth ocean basin called the Southern ocean basin, which comprises the area surrounding Antarctica, including the southern portions of the Indian, Atlantic, and Pacific ocean basins. Unlike other ocean basins, which are enclosed by land and have depressions in their center, the Southern ocean basin has a continent at its center and no northern land boundary. Because of this difference, the Southern ocean basin was not standardized on historical maps. </p> <div> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'media' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * media--source-image.html.twig * media--image--half-w-caption.html.twig * media--image.html.twig * media--half-w-caption.html.twig x media.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --> <article class="align-left media media--type-image media--view-mode-half-w-caption"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-image--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-image.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/M1U1-SF1-1-ocean%20basins.gif" target="_blank"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <div class="imgpost"> <span class="img-overlay-lightbox"></span> <img loading="lazy" src="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/styles/half_page_width/public/M1U1-SF1-1-ocean%20basins.gif?itok=1gJ9UeXw" width="290" height="290" alt="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SF Fig. 1.1.&lt;/strong&gt; Although there is one world ocean, there are disagreements over the number of ocean basins. This series of maps shows the world ocean divided into one, three, four, and five ocean basins. Note that the maps have been distorted to show more of the world than a typical view from the South Pole. &lt;em&gt;Click on the image for animation!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#10;" title="&lt;p&gt;Image from&amp;nbsp;&lt;a data-cke-saved-href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Ocean&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Ocean&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#10;" class="image-style-half-page-width" /></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-alttext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-alttext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-alttext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-alttext field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><strong>SF Fig. 1.1.</strong> Although there is one world ocean, there are disagreements over the number of ocean basins. This series of maps shows the world ocean divided into one, three, four, and five ocean basins. Note that the maps have been distorted to show more of the world than a typical view from the South Pole. <em>Click on the image for animation!</em></p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-titletext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-titletext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-titletext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-titletext field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Image from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Ocean">Wikipedia</a></p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </article><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --></div> <div> </div> <div>In recent times, however, oceanographic research has shown that the water in the area around Antarctica is very different from the water in the other ocean basins. The current that flows around Antarctica, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, circulates around Antarctica rapidly so that water in the Southern ocean basin south of South America is more similar to water in the Southern ocean basin south of New Zealand than to water in the Atlantic or Pacific ocean basins. This, as well as the discovery of the formation of distinctive cold, dense water around Antarctica, has lead to renewed interest in standardizing the Southern ocean basin’s northern boundary on maps. </div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div><em>Exploring Our Fluid Earth</em> does not include the Southern ocean basin in investigations of the world’s ocean basins because the Southern ocean basin is not a true basin, or depression, in the earth’s crust. If countries include the Southern ocean basin on their maps, most denote its northern boundary at 60°S, the upper limit of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (see SF Fig. 1.1). However, since there is no internationally recognized boundary, countries are free to denote the boundary differently. For example, Australian maps show the Southern ocean basin extending up to the Australian southern coast (about 35°S latitude). </div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div>Similar to the Antarctic, the Arctic ocean basin also has some controversy over its designation. <em>Exploring Our Fluid Earth</em> includes the Arctic ocean basin in investigations of the world’s ocean basins because the Arctic ocean basin is a true basin. However, some oceanographers consider the Arctic ocean basin to be a sea within the Atlantic ocean basin rather than a basin of its own. This is because the Arctic ocean basin is shallow compared to other basins, is almost completely surrounded by land, has only limited water exchange with other basins. </div> <p> </p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> Wed, 08 Jun 2011 02:11:57 +0000 paul 18 at https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/world-ocean/ocean-basins-and-continents/weird-science-southern-ocean-basin#comments