Apply the OLP in these units http://manoa.hawaii.edu/sealearning/ en ACTIVITY: Eroding Beaches http://manoa.hawaii.edu/sealearning/grade-3/physical-science/forces-waves/activity-eroding-beaches <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--activity-page.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">ACTIVITY: Eroding Beaches</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-display-title--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-display-title.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-display-title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-display-title field--type-string field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Title</div> <div class="field__item"><h1>ACTIVITY: Eroding Beaches</h1> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--activity-page.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/sealearning/users/kanesa" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">kanesa</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--activity-page.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Wed, 08/14/2019 - 10:50</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-practices--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-practices.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-practices.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-practices field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-1"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Science and Engineering Practices</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/sealearning/taxonomy/term/675" hreflang="en">Planning and Carrying Out Investigations</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-ngss-se-link-text--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-ngss-se-link-text.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-ngss-se-link-text.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-ngss-se-link-text field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">NGSS Science and Engineering Linking Text</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Students investigate the influence of waves on beach erosion.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-cc--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-cc.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-cc.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-cc field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-1"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Crosscutting Concepts</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/sealearning/taxonomy/term/683" hreflang="en">Cause and Effect</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-ngss-cc-link-text--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-ngss-cc-link-text.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-ngss-cc-link-text.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-ngss-cc-link-text field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">NGSS Crosscutting Concepts Linking Text</div> <div class="field__item"><p>By modeling the movement of waves, students simulate an unbalanced force that affects the beach profile.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-dci--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-dci.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-dci.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-dci field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-2"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/sealearning/taxonomy/term/695" hreflang="en">PS2.A: Forces and Motion</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/sealearning/taxonomy/term/696" hreflang="en">PS2.B: Types of Interactions</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-ngss-dc-link-text--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-ngss-dc-link-text.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-ngss-dc-link-text.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-ngss-dc-link-text field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas Linking Text</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Using a model of the ocean interacting with a shoreline, students observe how the force of ocean waves can move beach sand.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-toc--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-toc.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-toc.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-toc field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Table of Contents</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/sealearning/taxonomy/term/1622" hreflang="en">Activity: Eroding Beaches</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--comment-node-activity-page--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--comment-node-activity-page.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--comment-node-activity-page.html.twig x field--comment.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--comment.html.twig' --> <section class="field field--name-comment-node-activity-page field--type-comment field--label-hidden comment-wrapper"> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--comment.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"><tbody><tr><td><em>The activity below draws from the content in the page <strong><a href="http://manoa.hawaii.edu/sealearning/grade-3/physical-science/coastal-erosion">The Forces of Waves</a>. </strong><br /> Additional information on balanced and unbalanced forces can be found in the previous topic <strong><a href="http://manoa.hawaii.edu/sealearning/grade-3-physical-science-topic-1">The Forces of Wind</a></strong>.</em></td> </tr></tbody></table><h2> </h2> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'media' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * media--source-image.html.twig * media--image--half-page.html.twig * media--image.html.twig * media--half-page.html.twig x media.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/media.html.twig' --> <article class="align-right media media--type-image media--view-mode-half-page" title="&lt;p&gt;Dr. Bradley Romine, a coastal geologist and coastal management specialist with the &lt;a data-cke-saved-href=&quot;https://seagrant.noaa.gov/News/Article/ArtMID/1660/ArticleID/573/Confronting-Shoreline-Erosion-on-Oahu&quot; href=&quot;https://seagrant.noaa.gov/News/Article/ArtMID/1660/ArticleID/573/Confronting-Shoreline-Erosion-on-Oahu&quot;&gt;University of Hawai‘i Sea Grant College Program&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-image--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-image.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/sealearning/sites/default/files/coastal_erosion_n_shore_romine.jpg"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <div class="imgpost"> <span class="img-overlay-lightbox"></span> <img loading="lazy" src="/sealearning/sites/default/files/styles/half_page/public/coastal_erosion_n_shore_romine.jpg?itok=PqdgL8ME" width="400" height="267" alt="&lt;p&gt;Fig. 1. Waves cause severe beach erosion on the North Shore of Oʻahu.&lt;/p&gt;" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-half-page" /></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-alttext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-alttext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-alttext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-alttext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image caption</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Fig. 1. Waves cause severe beach erosion on the North Shore of Oʻahu.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-titletext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-titletext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-titletext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-titletext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image copyright and source</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Dr. Bradley Romine, a coastal geologist and coastal management specialist with the <a href="https://seagrant.noaa.gov/News/Article/ArtMID/1660/ArticleID/573/Confronting-Shoreline-Erosion-on-Oahu">University of Hawai‘i Sea Grant College Program</a></p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </article><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/media.html.twig' --><p>Phenomenon:</p> <p>The force of water can change the shape of a beach very quickly (Fig. 1)!</p> <h2>Inquiry:</h2> <p>How do wave forces affect sand movement?</p> <h2>Guiding Questions:</h2> <ol><li>Imagine a beach without any waves. Do you think the sand will move?</li> <li>What forces might cause the sand to move?</li> <li>How can the force of waves change the shape of the coastline?</li> </ol><h2>Activity:</h2> <p>Explore the effect of wave forces on sand movement.</p> <hr /><h2>Materials:</h2> <ul><li>Student Worksheet and Teacher Answer Key (attached below):<br /> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'entity_embed_container' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> <div class="action-background"> <div id="node-2151" class="node node-attachment special-feature-type-activity-sheet contextual-links-region clearfix special-feature-type- " data-embed-button="node" data-entity-embed-display="entity_reference:entity_reference_label" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{&quot;link&quot;:1}" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="4ae5b8f2-5cc4-4f62-af6e-33adb9012f25" data-langcode="und"> <div class="embed-type-marker"><i class="icon white"></i></div> <div class="embed-supertitle">ACTIVITY SHEET</div> <h2 class="embed-title"> <a target="_blank" href="http://manoa.hawaii.edu/sealearning/sites/default/files/3PS_The%20Forces%20of%20Waves_Activity%20Sheet.pdf">Student Worksheet: The Forces of Waves<div class="download-link"></div></a> </h2> <div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> </div></div><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'filter_caption' --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content-edit/filter-caption.html.twig' --><figure role="group" class="caption caption-drupal-entity"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'entity_embed_container' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> <div class="action-background"> <div id="node-2166" class="node node-attachment special-feature-type-teacher-guide contextual-links-region clearfix special-feature-type- " data-embed-button="node" data-entity-embed-display="entity_reference:entity_reference_label" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{&quot;link&quot;:1}" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="7915aa8a-8653-4984-9f9d-ca57ce1ff82d" data-langcode="und"> <div class="embed-type-marker"><i class="icon white"></i></div> <div class="embed-supertitle">TEACHER GUIDE</div> <h2 class="embed-title"> <a target="_blank" href="http://manoa.hawaii.edu/sealearning/sites/default/files/3PS_The%20Force%20of%20Waves_Teacher%20Guide_1.pdf">Teacher Guide: The Forces of Waves<div class="download-link"></div></a> </h2> <div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> </div></div><figcaption>This teacher guide follows the procedure written here and in the student worksheet with additional instructions and guidelines. We highly recommend starting this activity by introducing the Phenomenon, Inquiry, and Guiding Questions from the top of this webpage.</figcaption></figure><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content-edit/filter-caption.html.twig' --></li> <li>Small rectangular dish</li> <li>Sand</li> <li>Rocks</li> <li>Water</li> <li>Flat Wooden Spatula</li> <li>Food coloring</li> <li>Toothpicks</li> <li>Permanent markers (different colors)</li> <li>Metronome (or access to the internet; searching for "metronome" will provide multiple options for free) </li> <li>Ruler</li> </ul><table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"><tbody><tr><td> <p><strong>Teacher Recommendations</strong>:</p> <p>Notes on materials:</p> <ul><li>Dish - about 20cm X 10 cm and 5cm high works well (need one per group)</li> <li>Sand - about 3 cups per container (can be purchased from a local hardware store)</li> <li>Water - about 3 cups per container</li> <li>Spatula - or other type of paddle to generate waves (about 10cm across)</li> <li>Food coloring - will need a few drops per container</li> <li>Toothpicks - about 6 per container</li> <li>Markers - to write on the side of the dish and mark the beach profile. Spare markers might be helpful in case they get wet.</li> <li>Metronome - to help keep wave force consistent (recommend 60 waves per minute for two minutes)</li> </ul></td> </tr></tbody></table><hr /><h2>Procedure:</h2> <h3><strong>Part A. Make a beach simulation tank (Fig. 2)</strong></h3> <ol><li>Follow instructions on your worksheet to model beach erosion.</li> <li>Use the ruler to mark at each centimeter along the sides of your dish. This will help you measure beach erosion throughout the experiment.</li> <li>Add enough sand to your dish that it covers the bottom. Push it all to one side to form a sloping beach.</li> <li>Add water to your ocean model to cover the bottom of your dish and some of the sand.<br /><em>Note: There should be a section of beach above the water line (about 2 inches wide</em>)</li> <li>Add a few drops of food coloring to your water so that it is easier to see.</li> <li>Reform your beach to ensure:<br /><ol start="1" style="margin-left: 40px; list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>That it has a uniform slope and shape from side to side</li> <li>There is at least a 2 inch wide beach above the water</li> </ol></li> <li>Use a permanent marker to trace the slope of your beach. Draw a small mark where the water and sand meet. This is the <strong>shoreline</strong>.<br /><em>Note: You will use this line to reform your beach in the same shape for each trial.</em></li> <li>Mark the shoreline with toothpicks.</li> <li>Make a "before" sketch of the side view of your beach. This is the <strong>beach</strong> <strong>profile</strong>. Note: you can use your ruler to take measurements of different parts of the beach.<br /><ol start="1" style="margin-left: 40px; list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Use the diagrams in Fig. 2 as a guide.</li> </ol></li> </ol><hr /><p> </p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'media' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * media--source-image.html.twig * media--image--full-.html.twig * media--image.html.twig * media--full-.html.twig x media.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/media.html.twig' --> <article class="align-center media media--type-image media--view-mode-full-" title="&lt;p&gt;Image by Kanesa Duncan Seraphin.&lt;/p&gt;&#10;"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-image--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-image.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/sealearning/sites/default/files/plain_beach_before_wave_force_copy_copy.jpg"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <div class="imgpost" style="float:none"> <span class="img-overlay-lightbox"></span> <img loading="lazy" src="/sealearning/sites/default/files/styles/full_page/public/plain_beach_before_wave_force_copy_copy.jpg?itok=Hx3Jc6D4" width="773" height="506" alt="&lt;p&gt;Fig. 2. Ocean model set-up with sandy beach slope marked in black marker, shoreline marked by tothpicks, and centimeters marked across the bottom.&lt;/p&gt;" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-full-page" /></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-alttext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-alttext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-alttext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-alttext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image caption</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Fig. 2. Ocean model set-up with sandy beach slope marked in black marker, shoreline marked by tothpicks, and centimeters marked across the bottom.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-titletext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-titletext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-titletext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-titletext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image copyright and source</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Image by Kanesa Duncan Seraphin.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </article><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/media.html.twig' --><h3><strong>Part B. Practice making waves in your ocean model.</strong></h3> <ol><li>Use a metronome or sound recording (search metronome online) set at 60 beats per minute (or similar).</li> <li>Put the large side of your paddle in the water the edge of your container on the opposite side of the beach. Start the metronome, and move the paddle gently towards the beach in time to the beat.</li> <li>What did you see? Record your observations.</li> </ol><h3><strong>Part C. Test the force of waves on your sandy beach.</strong></h3> <ol><li>Reshape your beach so it lines up with your original profile line and the shoreline is in the same place.</li> <li>Follow the metronome sound and use the paddle to make a wave at each second for 2 minutes (Video 1).<br /><em>Note: Try to give each wave the same force with your paddle.</em><br />  </li> </ol><table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"><caption><strong>Video 1</strong>: Testing ocean erosion with wave forces on a sandy shore.</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'media' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * media--source-oembed--derivative-video--provider-vimeo.html.twig * media--source-oembed--derivative-video.html.twig * media--remote-video--default.html.twig * media--remote-video.html.twig * media--default.html.twig x media.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/media.html.twig' --> <article class="align-center media media--type-remote-video media--view-mode-default"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-oembed-video--remote-video.html.twig * field--media--field-media-oembed-video.html.twig * field--media--remote-video.html.twig * field--field-media-oembed-video.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --><div class="field field--name-field-media-oembed-video field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><iframe src="/sealearning/media/oembed?url=https%3A//vimeo.com/388596247&amp;max_width=0&amp;max_height=0&amp;hash=67ie68RuelDud9_VFK3qzQuW9dOCJD0IO9-ZOxfWOkc" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="" width="426" height="240" class="media-oembed-content" title="Wave forces on a sandy beach"></iframe> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> </article><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/media.html.twig' --></td> </tr></tbody></table><ol start="3"><li>After 2 minutes of making waves, observe the effect of wave force on sand movement.</li> <li>Use a different color marker to trace the new line of the beach and mark the shoreline on the side of your container (Fig. 3).</li> <li>Describe how your beach has changed.</li> <li>Make an "after sketch" of your beach profile following the wave action.</li> </ol><p> </p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'media' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * media--source-image.html.twig * media--image--full-.html.twig * media--image.html.twig * media--full-.html.twig x media.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/media.html.twig' --> <article class="align-center media media--type-image media--view-mode-full-" title="&lt;p&gt;Image by Kanesa Duncan Seraphin.&lt;/p&gt;&#10;"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-image--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-image.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/sealearning/sites/default/files/plain_beach_after_wave_force_copy_2smlr.jpg"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <div class="imgpost" style="float:none"> <span class="img-overlay-lightbox"></span> <img loading="lazy" src="/sealearning/sites/default/files/styles/full_page/public/plain_beach_after_wave_force_copy_2smlr.jpg?itok=WTPZSt7W" width="773" height="506" alt="&lt;p&gt;Fig. 3. After wave-force, sandy beach slope marked in red marker.&lt;/p&gt;" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-full-page" /></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-alttext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-alttext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-alttext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-alttext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image caption</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Fig. 3. After wave-force, sandy beach slope marked in red marker.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-titletext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-titletext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-titletext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-titletext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image copyright and source</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Image by Kanesa Duncan Seraphin.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </article><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/media.html.twig' --><h3><strong>Part D. Test a Sea Wall!</strong></h3> <ol><li>Reshape your beach so it lines up with your original beach profile line and the shoreline is in the same place (Fig. 4).</li> <li>Create a seawall by placing and stacking rocks at the shoreline (above the toothpicks).</li> <li>Draw another "before" sketch of the beach profile.</li> <li>Repeat part C to test the force of the waves against the seawall. (Video 2).</li> <li>Describe how your beach and seawall has changed.</li> <li>Make an "after sketch" of beach profile and seawall following the wave action.</li> </ol><table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"><caption><strong>Video 2</strong>. Testing the force of waves on the sandy shoreline with a seawall.</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'media' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * media--source-oembed--derivative-video--provider-vimeo.html.twig * media--source-oembed--derivative-video.html.twig * media--remote-video--default.html.twig * media--remote-video.html.twig * media--default.html.twig x media.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/media.html.twig' --> <article class="align-center media media--type-remote-video media--view-mode-default"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-oembed-video--remote-video.html.twig * field--media--field-media-oembed-video.html.twig * field--media--remote-video.html.twig * field--field-media-oembed-video.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --><div class="field field--name-field-media-oembed-video field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><iframe src="/sealearning/media/oembed?url=https%3A//vimeo.com/388586067&amp;max_width=0&amp;max_height=0&amp;hash=VvFOBIE0tzEK0RKpZzIbxT3yaUjOjSnwwDxGshQ7kGU" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="" width="426" height="240" class="media-oembed-content" title="Wave forces on a sandy beach with rock wall"></iframe> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> </article><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/media.html.twig' --></td> </tr></tbody></table><p> </p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'media' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * media--source-image.html.twig * media--image--half-page.html.twig * media--image.html.twig * media--half-page.html.twig x media.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/media.html.twig' --> <article class="align-left media media--type-image media--view-mode-half-page" title="&lt;p&gt;Image by Kanesa Duncan Seraphin.&lt;/p&gt;&#10;"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-image--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-image.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/sealearning/sites/default/files/rock_wall_beach_before_wave_force_copy_copy.jpg"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <div class="imgpost"> <span class="img-overlay-lightbox"></span> <img loading="lazy" src="/sealearning/sites/default/files/styles/half_page/public/rock_wall_beach_before_wave_force_copy_copy.jpg?itok=8gKFfBAM" width="400" height="262" alt="&lt;p&gt;Fig. 4. Ocean model set-up with rock wall. The sandy beach has been rebuilt so that the slope matches the original black marker line.&lt;/p&gt;" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-half-page" /></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-alttext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-alttext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-alttext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-alttext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image caption</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Fig. 4. Ocean model set-up with rock wall. The sandy beach has been rebuilt so that the slope matches the original black marker line.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-titletext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-titletext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-titletext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-titletext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image copyright and source</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Image by Kanesa Duncan Seraphin.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </article><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/media.html.twig' --><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'media' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * media--source-image.html.twig * media--image--half-page.html.twig * media--image.html.twig * media--half-page.html.twig x media.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/media.html.twig' --><article class="align-left media media--type-image media--view-mode-half-page" title="&lt;p&gt;Image by Kanesa Duncan Seraphin.&lt;/p&gt;&#10;"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-image--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-image.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/sealearning/sites/default/files/rock_wall_beach_after_wave_force_copysml.jpg"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <div class="imgpost"> <span class="img-overlay-lightbox"></span> <img loading="lazy" src="/sealearning/sites/default/files/styles/half_page/public/rock_wall_beach_after_wave_force_copysml.jpg?itok=lJgU3Net" width="400" height="262" alt="&lt;p&gt;Fig. 5. After wave-force action on sand with balancing force of rock wall, the sandy beach slope is marked in purple marker. Notice the comparison to the original, black line slope, and the after slope, in red, of the plain beach trial.&lt;/p&gt;" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-half-page" /></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-alttext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-alttext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-alttext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-alttext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image caption</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Fig. 5. After wave-force action on sand with balancing force of rock wall, the sandy beach slope is marked in purple marker. Notice the comparison to the original, black line slope, and the after slope, in red, of the plain beach trial.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-titletext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-titletext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-titletext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-titletext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image copyright and source</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Image by Kanesa Duncan Seraphin.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </article><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/media.html.twig' --><hr /><h2>Activity Questions:</h2> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"><tbody><tr><td> <p><strong>You have just experimented with balanced and Unbalanced Forces!</strong></p> <ul><li>When two equal forces act in opposite directions, the result is balanced forces and there is no motion.</li> <li>When one force is stronger than the other, the result is unbalanced forces that cause motion.</li> </ul></td> </tr></tbody></table><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'media' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * media--source-image.html.twig * media--image--full-.html.twig * media--image.html.twig * media--full-.html.twig x media.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/media.html.twig' --><article class="align-center media media--type-image media--view-mode-full-"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-image--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-image.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/sealearning/sites/default/files/4PS_Tug_Of_War.jpg"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <div class="imgpost" style="float:none"> <span class="img-overlay-lightbox"></span> <img loading="lazy" src="/sealearning/sites/default/files/styles/full_page/public/4PS_Tug_Of_War.jpg?itok=ZL-g8oJ5" width="773" height="290" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-full-page" /></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-alttext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-alttext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-alttext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-alttext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image caption</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Fig. 6. These two teams are playing tug-of-war - which team will win?</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-titletext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-titletext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-titletext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-titletext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image copyright and source</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Image courtesy of <a href="https://www.freepik.com/premium-vector/teenagers-playing-tug-war-two-teams-young-cartoon-people_7660650.htm">FreePik</a></p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </article><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/media.html.twig' --><ol><li>Imagine that two teams are playing tug-of-war on a rope (Fig. 6).</li> <ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha; margin-left: 40px;"><li>If their strength is equal and neither team is winning, are the forces balanced or unbalanced?</li> <li>If one team lets go, and the other team wins the rope, are the forces balanced or unbalanced?</li> </ol><li>Think back to when you first set up your beach.<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha; margin-left: 40px;"><li>What would the beach profile look like the next day if you did nothing to it? (Hint: would the sand move by itself?)</li> <li>If you return the next day, and the <u><strong>sand has not moved</strong></u>, were the forces acting on the sand balanced or unbalanced?</li> <li>If you return the next day, and the <u><strong>sand has moved</strong></u>, were the forces acting on the sand balanced or unbalanced?</li> </ol></li> <li>What happened to your beach profile when there was wave action? Explain.</li> <li>When waves interact with the shoreline to move sand, are the forces?<br /><ol start="1" style="margin-left: 40px; list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Balanced  or Unbalanced (Circle one)</li> <li>What evidence do you have to support your answer?</li> </ol></li> <li>Why do you think that people build rock walls (or other hard structures) at the beach?</li> <li>After you added your rock wall, did waves affect the beach profile differently than before? Describe.</li> <li>Based on your observations, can you think of a reason why beach scientists often recommend <strong>against</strong> building sea walls in line with the beach? (hint: look at the entire beach profile, from under the wall and into the water).</li> <li>What other ways can people protect homes and property besides building seawalls parallel to the beach? (hint: think about how far property is built from the water, the amount of sand needed to protect property, the role of native plants in holding sand on a beach, and the various shapes and positions of seawalls compared to groins or piers.)<br /><em>Note: For more information on beach structures, check out the <a href="https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/">Exploring Our Fluid Earth</a> topic on <a href="http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/coastal-interactions/beaches-and-sand">Beaches and Sand</a> and scroll down to read "Sand Transport, Coastal Erosion, and Human Impact on Beaches"</em></li> </ol><hr /><h2>Further Investigations: </h2> <ol><li>Look for evidence of the effects of wave action at your favorite beach site. If possible, take photographs.</li> <li>Study beach erosion problems in your community.<br /><ol start="1" style="margin-left: 40px; list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Find out what methods are being used to protect property from wave damage. Study designs for seawalls (revetments), jetties (bulkheads), and other features.</li> <li>What determines where oceanfront houses may be built? </li> <li>Where did the old sand go?</li> <li>Where did the sand originally come from?</li> <li>Has additional sand been imported, and if so, where did it come from?</li> </ol></li> </ol></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> Wed, 14 Aug 2019 20:50:40 +0000 kanesa 2060 at http://manoa.hawaii.edu/sealearning