Apply the OLP in these units http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/ en Activity: Build a Drifter http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/atmospheric-effects/ocean-surface-currents/activity-build-drifter <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--activity-page.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Activity: Build a Drifter</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-display-title--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-display-title.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-display-title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-display-title field--type-string field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Title</div> <div class="field__item">Activity: Build a Drifter</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--activity-page.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <a title="View user profile." href="/exploringourfluidearth/users/fyang" class="username">fyang</a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--activity-page.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 04/05/2016 - 10:54</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-practices--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-practices.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-practices.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-practices field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-1"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Science and Engineering Practices</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/sep/planning-and-carrying-out-investigations" hreflang="en">Planning and Carrying Out Investigations</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-cc--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-cc.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-cc.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-cc field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-1"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Crosscutting Concepts</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/cc/scale-proportion-and-quantity" hreflang="en">Scale, Proportion, and Quantity</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-dci--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-dci.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-dci.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-dci field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-3"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/dci/ets1a-defining-and-delimiting-engineering-problem" hreflang="en">ETS1.A: Defining and Delimiting an Engineering Problem</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/dci/ets1b-developing-possible-solutions" hreflang="en">ETS1.B: Developing Possible Solutions</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/dci/ets1c-optimizing-design-solution" hreflang="en">ETS1.C: Optimizing the Design Solution</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-toc--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-toc.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-toc.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-toc field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Table of Contents</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/toc/physical/atmospheric-effects/ocean-surface-currents/activity-build-drifter" hreflang="en">Activity: Build a Drifter</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--comment-node-activity-page--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--comment-node-activity-page.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--comment-node-activity-page.html.twig x field--comment.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--comment.html.twig' --> <section class="field field--name-comment-node-activity-page field--type-comment field--label-hidden comment-wrapper"> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--comment.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Materials</h2> <ul><li>Transect measuring tape</li> <li>Buoyant objects (e.g., empty bottles, corks)</li> <li>Neutrally buoyant objects (e.g., partially filled bottles, sponges) or underwater sail material (e.g., cloth, plastic bags)</li> <li>Negatively buoyant objects (e.g., fishing weights or metal washers)</li> <li>String or fishing line</li> <li>Stopwatch</li> <li>Transect tape</li> <li>Bucket of water</li> <li>Net on a pole</li> <li>(Optional) Method for measuring wind speed and direction (e.g., compass, Beaufort scale, wind meter)</li> </ul><h2>Procedure</h2> <p><em>Safety Note: Be mindful of the risks of drowning when working near bodies of water. Follow all posted safety signs and check local ocean and weather conditions.</em></p> <h3>A. Construct a drifter.</h3> <ol><li>Your instructor will give you preliminary information about your field site, including <ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Location</li> <li>Type of water body (e.g., stream, beach, or lake)</li> <li>Expected water depth</li> <li>Map of sampling area</li> <li>Any potential hazards<br />  </li> </ol></li> </ol><p> </p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'media' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * media--source-image.html.twig * media--image--half-w-caption.html.twig * media--image.html.twig * media--half-w-caption.html.twig x media.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --> <article class="align-left media media--type-image media--view-mode-half-w-caption"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-image--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-image.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/Fig3.19-FloatingObject.png" target="_blank"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <div class="imgpost"> <span class="img-overlay-lightbox"></span> <img loading="lazy" src="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/styles/half_page_width/public/Fig3.19-FloatingObject.png?itok=wrgTbNzd" width="290" height="189" alt="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fig. 3.19.&lt;/strong&gt; A floating object keeps the drifter from sinking. A neutrally buoyant object or underwater sail allows the drifter to be pulled by the current. A weight makes sure the neutrally buoyant object or sail does not float to the surface.&lt;/p&gt;" title="&lt;p&gt;Image by Byron Inouye&lt;/p&gt;" class="image-style-half-page-width" /></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-alttext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-alttext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-alttext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-alttext field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><strong>Fig. 3.19.</strong> A floating object keeps the drifter from sinking. A neutrally buoyant object or underwater sail allows the drifter to be pulled by the current. A weight makes sure the neutrally buoyant object or sail does not float to the surface.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-titletext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-titletext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-titletext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-titletext field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Image by Byron Inouye</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </article><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --><ol start="2"><li>Based on your knowledge of the field site and the materials available to you, design a drifter. Fig. 3.19 provides an example of a basic drifter construction, however, there are several ways to construct drifters. These are some important considerations to include in your design: <ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>The size of your drifter (Your instructor may limit the size of your drifter.)</li> <li>The depth in the water that you would like to measure current speed</li> <li>How you will measure current speed (e.g., using a stopwatch and transect tape)</li> <li>A plan to recover your drifter<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Construct your drifter as shown in Fig. 3.19<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Test your drifter in a bucket of water to make sure it does not fully sink or float. Remember to test your drifter in salt water if it will be used in the ocean, or fresh water if it will be used in a lake or river, because salinity affects buoyancy.</li> <li>Make sure your drifter is sturdy enough that is does not fall apart when in the water.</li> <li>Revise your drifter design as needed.</li> </ol></li> </ol><h3>B. Experimental design.</h3> <ol><li>Given your prior knowledge about the field site, design an experiment to measure current speed. Consider the following: <ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Drifter placement</li> <li>The distance over which your drifter will travel</li> <li>How to effectively deploy and recover the drifter</li> <li>How to measure drifter speed</li> <li>How many measurements to take<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Discuss your experimental design with your class. Revise your experimental design as necessary.</li> </ol><h3>C. Deploy the drifter in the field.</h3> <ol><li>After arriving at the field site, revisit your experimental design. Make any changes needed. Measure the prevailing wind direction and, if possible, its speed.<br />  </li> <li>Predict the current speed at your field site.<br />  </li> <li>Deploy your drifter following your experimental design and record the current speed.<br />  </li> <li>Recover your drifter.<br />  </li> <li>(Optional) Deploy your drifter at a similar or different site depending on your experimental design and time constraints.</li> </ol><h3>D. Discuss drifter performance.</h3> <ol><li>If your classmates placed their drifter in similar areas, compare <ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Current speed</li> <li>Current direction</li> <li>Drifter path</li> <li>Sinking and/or floating of the drifters</li> <li>Deployment and recovery of drifters<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>(Optional) Revise your drifter design and repeat Part C.</li> </ol><p> </p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-questions--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-questions.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-questions.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-questions field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Activity Questions</div> <div class="field__item"><ol><li>Why is it important to have a portion of your drifter underwater?<br />  </li> <li>Explain the reasoning for your experimental design. Did you revise your drifter design over the course of this activity? Explain your decisions for your modifications and how they affected your drifter’s performance.<br />  </li> <li>Explain your method for recovering or recapturing your drifter. Why is this step important?<br />  </li> <li>Was your predicted current flow measurement similar to your measured value? If your predicted flow rate was an over- or under-estimate, explain why you think your predictions were inaccurate.<br />  </li> <li>If you repeated your drifter measurements, were your measured current speeds similar? Explain why you think they were similar or give reasons for why you think they were different.<br />  </li> <li>Based on you and your classmates’ drifter observations, do you think the water flow rate was constant in your study area? Explain why or why not.<br />  </li> <li>Did the drifter follow a straight path when you observed it? How would a current path that was not straight have affected your results?<br />  </li> <li>If your classmates placed their drifters in similar areas, explain similarities and differences for the following:<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Current speed</li> <li>Current direction</li> <li>Drifter path</li> </ol></li> </ol><p>What other factors may have affected the results of your experiment?</p> <ol start="9"><li>If you had a chance to repeat the experiment,<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Would you modify your drifter?</li> <li>Would you modify your experimental design?<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>How did the speed and direction of the water current compare to the wind speed and direction? Explain how they were similar or different.<br />  </li> <li>The goal of this activity was to measure currents at depth.<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>How do you think these currents were similar or different than the surface currents at your study area?</li> <li>Why do you think scientists would want to study both currents at the surface and under the water?</li> </ol></li> </ol></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> Tue, 05 Apr 2016 20:54:20 +0000 fyang 1449 at http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/atmospheric-effects/ocean-surface-currents/activity-build-drifter#comments Question Set: Diving Technology http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/ocean-depths/diving-technology/question-set-diving-technology <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--question-set.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--question-set.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Question Set: Diving Technology</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-display-title--question-set.html.twig * field--node--field-display-title.html.twig * field--node--question-set.html.twig * field--field-display-title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-display-title field--type-string field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Title</div> <div class="field__item">Question Set: Diving Technology</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--question-set.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--question-set.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <a title="View user profile." href="/exploringourfluidearth/users/fyang" class="username">fyang</a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--question-set.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--question-set.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Thu, 03/10/2016 - 17:07</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-practices--question-set.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-practices.html.twig * field--node--question-set.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-practices.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-practices field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-1"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Science and Engineering Practices</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/sep/constructing-explanations-and-designing-solutions" hreflang="en">Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-cc--question-set.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-cc.html.twig * field--node--question-set.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-cc.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-cc field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-1"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Crosscutting Concepts</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/cc/structure-and-function" hreflang="en">Structure and Function</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-dci--question-set.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-dci.html.twig * field--node--question-set.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-dci.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-dci field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-1"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/dci/ets1a-defining-and-delimiting-engineering-problem" hreflang="en">ETS1.A: Defining and Delimiting an Engineering Problem</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-toc--question-set.html.twig * field--node--field-toc.html.twig * field--node--question-set.html.twig * field--field-toc.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-toc field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Table of Contents</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/toc/physical/ocean-depths/diving-technology/question-set-diving-technology" hreflang="en">Question Set: Diving Technology</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--comment-node-question-set--question-set.html.twig * field--node--comment-node-question-set.html.twig * field--node--question-set.html.twig * field--comment-node-question-set.html.twig x field--comment.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--comment.html.twig' --> <section class="field field--name-comment-node-question-set field--type-comment field--label-hidden comment-wrapper"> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--comment.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--question-set.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--question-set.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><ol><li>Compare the advantages and disadvantages of conventional hard-hat diving with those of scuba diving.<br />  </li> <li>Compare pressure-related problems for free divers and scuba divers.<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>What problems occur on descent?</li> <li>What problems occur on ascent?<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Most scuba divers are trained at sea level and in salt water. How might diving in high-altitude freshwater lakes differ from diving in seawater at sea level?<br />  </li> <li>What is the difference between compressed air and compressed gas mixtures? Under what conditions is a compressed-gas mixture better for divers to use than compressed air?<br />  </li> <li>Complete Table 9.5 and Fig. 9.29. In Fig. 9.29, sketch the size of the lung in the box below each diver. Put in dots to represent the density of air in each lung. The examples show divers at sea level. Explain the similarities and differences you find in the volume, density, and mass of the air in the lungs of the two divers.<br />  </li> <li>What are the physical signs and symptoms of decompression sickness? If your diving buddy suddenly reported these symptoms, how would you respond?</li> </ol><p> </p> <p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'entity_embed_container' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> <div class="action-background"> <div id="node-1425" class="node node-attachment special-feature-type-activity-sheet contextual-links-region clearfix special-feature-type- " data-embed-button="node" data-entity-embed-display="entity_reference:entity_reference_label" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{&quot;link&quot;:1}" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ae223f73-de45-450d-a7c4-e5b1fa0d608f" data-langcode="und"> <div class="embed-type-marker"><i class="icon white"></i></div> <div class="embed-supertitle">ACTIVITY SHEET</div> <h2 class="embed-title"> <a target="_blank" href="http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/Table9.5-FreeAndScubaDiver.pdf">Table 9.5. Volume, density, and mass of the air in the lungs of a of a scuba diver and the lungs of a free diver at different depths<div class="download-link"></div></a> </h2> <div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> </div></div></p> <p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'entity_embed_container' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> <div class="action-background"> <div id="node-1426" class="node node-attachment special-feature-type-activity-sheet contextual-links-region clearfix special-feature-type- " data-embed-button="node" data-entity-embed-display="entity_reference:entity_reference_label" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{&quot;link&quot;:1}" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="a53fbe62-7da5-40e1-a613-a43d35510160" data-langcode="und"> <div class="embed-type-marker"><i class="icon white"></i></div> <div class="embed-supertitle">ACTIVITY SHEET</div> <h2 class="embed-title"> <a target="_blank" href="http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/Fig9.29-ComparingLungVolume.pdf">Fig. 9.29. Comparing lung volume and air density in a free diver and a scuba diver (dots represent "units" of air) <div class="download-link"></div></a> </h2> <div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> </div></div></p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> Fri, 11 Mar 2016 03:07:42 +0000 fyang 1421 at http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/ocean-depths/diving-technology/question-set-diving-technology#comments Activity: Design a Ship http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/navigation-and-transportation/transportation-and-ship-design/activity-design-ship <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--activity-page.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Activity: Design a Ship</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-display-title--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-display-title.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-display-title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-display-title field--type-string field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Title</div> <div class="field__item">Activity: Design a Ship</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--activity-page.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <a title="View user profile." href="/exploringourfluidearth/users/fyang" class="username">fyang</a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--activity-page.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Thu, 02/11/2016 - 12:41</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-practices--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-practices.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-practices.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-practices field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-1"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Science and Engineering Practices</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/sep/constructing-explanations-and-designing-solutions" hreflang="en">Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-cc--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-cc.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-cc.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-cc field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-1"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Crosscutting Concepts</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/cc/system-and-system-models" hreflang="en">System and System Models</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-dci--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-dci.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-dci.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-dci field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-4"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/dci/ets1a-defining-and-delimiting-engineering-problem" hreflang="en">ETS1.A: Defining and Delimiting an Engineering Problem</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/dci/ets1b-developing-possible-solutions" hreflang="en">ETS1.B: Developing Possible Solutions</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/dci/ets1c-optimizing-design-solution" hreflang="en">ETS1.C: Optimizing the Design Solution</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/dci/ets2a-interdependence-science-engineering-and-technology" hreflang="en">ETS2.A: Interdependence of Science, Engineering, and Technology</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-toc--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-toc.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-toc.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-toc field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Table of Contents</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/toc/physical/navigation-and-transportation/transportation-and-ship-design/activity-design-ship" hreflang="en">Activity: Design a Ship</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--comment-node-activity-page--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--comment-node-activity-page.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--comment-node-activity-page.html.twig x field--comment.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--comment.html.twig' --> <section class="field field--name-comment-node-activity-page field--type-comment field--label-hidden comment-wrapper"> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--comment.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Materials</h2> <ul><li>Table 8.8</li> <li>Heavyweight aluminum foil</li> <li>Polymer modeling clay</li> <li>Scissors</li> <li>Tape</li> <li>Bamboo skewers</li> <li>Wax paper</li> <li>Aquarium or other large container</li> <li>Water</li> <li>300 pennies or other small weights</li> <li>Scale or balance</li> <li>Stopwatch</li> <li>Ruler</li> <li>Towels</li> <li>Blow dryer</li> <li>Large water bottle</li> </ul><table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width: 600px"><caption><strong>Table 8.8.</strong> Model ship design (<strong>A</strong>) goals and (<strong>B</strong>) constraints</caption> <tbody><tr><td><strong>A. Model ship design goals</strong></td> </tr><tr><td> <ol><li>Stay afloat with a large amount of cargo (tonnage by weight)</li> <li>Move quickly by wind power with and without cargo</li> <li>Stay afloat in rough weather conditions with and without cargo</li> </ol></td> </tr><tr><td><strong>B. Model ship design constraints</strong></td> </tr><tr><td> <ol><li>Must weigh at least 5 g without cargo</li> <li>Must be less than 10 cm wide (to pass through narrow canals)</li> <li>Must have a draft of less than 5 cm (to safely navigate shallow harbors)</li> <li>You may use no more than the following provided materials in the construction of your model ship:<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>One 20 x 20 cm sheet of aluminum foil</li> <li>20 g of modeling clay</li> <li>One bamboo skewer</li> <li>One 10 x 10 cm sheet of wax paper</li> <li>Tape</li> <li>Pennies or other weights</li> </ol></li> <li>All cargo must remain dry during transport.</li> <li>Model ship may not touch the bottom of the aquarium.</li> </ol></td> </tr></tbody></table><h2>Procedure</h2> <p><em>Safety Note: Do not allow the blow dryer or any of the electrical equipment to come in contact with water. Unplug all electrical equipment immediately after use.</em></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>A. Initial design conception and prototype construction</strong></p> <ol><li>Identify the design goals and constraints<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Carefully consider the ship design goals and constraints (Table 8.8). These factors are meant to simulate real design conditions in naval architecture and engineering.</li> <li>During your initial design process, ensure that all design goals and criteria have been addressed.</li> <li>Review the text on Archimedes’ principle (principle of floatation), buoyancy, ship design, and stability as needed to ensure your model ship will float.<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Sketch the design of your model ship.<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Write a list of the design features included in your model ship.</li> <li>Record notes on how to construct the model including a list of materials.<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Discuss your design plans with a partner or group.<br />  </li> <li>Revise your design as needed.</li> <li>Construct your model ship according to your sketched design and notes. Consider this first model as your prototype. A <strong>prototype</strong> is an early model used to test and modify a particular design. Check design constraints:<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Use a balance to measure the weight of your prototype.</li> <li>Ensure that your prototype weighs at least 5 g. Record the total weight.</li> <li>Use a ruler to ensure that your prototype meets all size constraints. Record all size dimensions of your prototype.</li> </ol></li> </ol><p> </p> <p><strong>B. Prototype testing</strong></p> <ol><li>Fill the aquarium with water until it is at least 10 cm deep.<br />  </li> <li>To begin testing, gently place your prototype model ship on the water surface.<br />  </li> <li>Test prototype speed without cargo.<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Float the prototype on the water.</li> <li>Use the blow dryer to gently push the prototype across the aquarium. The blow dryer simulates wind.</li> <li>Test the maximum speed of your prototype by recording the time required for it to travel from one end of the aquarium to the opposite side.</li> <li>Record your prototype test observations.</li> <li>If the prototype sinks, carefully dry it before continuing onto the next test phase.<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Test prototype stability without cargo.<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Float the dry prototype on the water.</li> <li>Test the stability of your prototype by repeatedly submerging and lifting a water bottle at one end of the aquarium once every second. This steady, repeated movement simulates rough ocean conditions.</li> <li>Use a stopwatch to record the amount of time the prototype remains afloat on the water surface. Continue the test the stability of the prototype for up to one minute.</li> <li>Record your prototype test observations.</li> <li>If the prototype sinks, carefully dry it before continuing onto the next test phase.<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Test prototype maximum cargo load.<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Note how the prototype floats and balances on the water surface.</li> <li>Test the maximum cargo load of your prototype by carefully placing individual pennies or other weights inside the prototype hull. These weights will simulate cargo in your model ship.</li> <li>You may place the weights anywhere within the prototype to balance the weight evenly.</li> <li>Continue to add weights one-by-one until the prototype sinks to the bottom of the aquarium.</li> <li>Record the maximum number of weights held afloat by the prototype <em>before sinking</em>. This number is the maximum cargo load of the prototype.</li> <li>Record you prototype test observations.</li> <li>If the prototype sinks, carefully dry it before continuing on to the next test phase.<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Test prototype speed under maximum cargo load.<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Float the dry prototype on the water.</li> <li>Carefully add the maximum cargo load of weights to the prototype (determined in step 5).</li> <li>Repeat speed testing (step 3) on your prototype using a blow dryer.</li> <li>Record your prototype test observations.</li> <li>If the prototype sinks, carefully dry it before continuing on to the next test phase.<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Test prototype stability under maximum cargo load.<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Float the dry prototype on the water.</li> <li>Carefully add the maximum cargo load of weights to the prototype (determined in step 5).</li> <li>Repeat stability testing (step 4) on your prototype.</li> <li>Record you prototype test observations.</li> </ol></li> </ol><p> </p> <p><strong>C. Design refinement.</strong></p> <ol><li>Assess how well your prototype met the design goals and constraints (Table 8.8). Review all observations and notes from your prototype testing. Pay particular attention to performance failures such as sinking or slow speed.<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Does your ship float properly at the desired speed?</li> <li>Design modifications that would help address performance failures.<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Modify the prototype according to your new designs. Attempt to increase the maximum cargo load, maximum speed, and overall stability of your model ship. Rebuild the model ship from raw materials if needed.<br />  </li> <li>Ensure that the final model ship meets all design constraints.<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Measure and record the weight of the model ship.</li> <li>Measure and record the size dimensions of the model ship.<br />  </li> </ol></li> </ol><p><strong>D. Final product evaluation.</strong></p> <ol><li>Repeat all test phases described in part B using your final model ship.<br />  </li> <li>Record all test results and observations in detail.<br />  </li> <li>Determine the displacement volume of your model ship hull.<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Fill a small container with water. Mark the water volume level.</li> <li>Submerge the model ship hull up as deep as possible without sinking.</li> <li>Mark the new water volume level.</li> <li>Calculate the displaced water volume. This volume equals the model ship hull displacement volume.<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Present your final product evaluation results to your class.</li> </ol><p> </p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-questions--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-questions.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-questions.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-questions field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Activity Questions</div> <div class="field__item"><ol><li>Prototype testing<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Describe the performance of your prototype in each phase of testing.</li> <li>What design flaws did you identify in your initial prototype?</li> <li>How did you assess the performance of your design features? Provide examples of quantitative and qualitative measures you considered during this process.<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Model performance with and without cargo<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>How was the performance of your final model ship affected by the cargo load?</li> <li>What is the purpose of ballast in real ships?</li> <li>How might the performance of our final model ship be improved under cargo load in future designs?<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Design refinement and final product evaluation<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>How did you change your design to address design flaws?</li> <li>How did the performance of the final ship model compare to that of the prototype?</li> <li>How might you continue to improve the performance of your model ship in future designs?<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Compare model ship designs within your class.<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>What are some design similarities shared among the fastest model ships?</li> <li>What design features are common among the model ships that were able to carry the greatest amount of cargo?</li> <li>How did your classmates optimize stability in their model ship designs?<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>One design goal called for a ship that is stable in rough ocean conditions. Ship stability can be achieved through several design solutions.<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>What is the difference between leverage stability and weight stability in ship designs?</li> <li>What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of multi-hulled ships like catamarans?<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Ship draft depth<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>What are the advantages of having a deep draft in a real ship?</li> <li>What are the disadvantages of having a deep draft in a real ship?<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Physics of ship design<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>What is Archimedes’ principle? Explain it using language that is easily understood by a student one year younger than you (who has not yet taken this class).</li> <li>How did you apply Archimedes’ principle when designing the hull of your model ship?</li> <li>How does the displacement volume of the model ship hull and the overall model weight relate to how well it will float in water?</li> <li>Use Archimedes’ principle to calculate the <em>predicted</em> maximum cargo load for your final model ship. How does this predicted cargo load compare to the actual maximum cargo load from the final product evaluation (Part D)?</li> </ol></li> </ol></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> Thu, 11 Feb 2016 22:41:18 +0000 fyang 1399 at http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/navigation-and-transportation/transportation-and-ship-design/activity-design-ship#comments Activity: Evaluating Cargo Transportation http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/navigation-and-transportation/transportation-and-ship-design/activity-evaluating-cargo-transportation <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--activity-page.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Activity: Evaluating Cargo Transportation</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-display-title--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-display-title.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-display-title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-display-title field--type-string field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Title</div> <div class="field__item">Activity: Evaluating Cargo Transportation</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--activity-page.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <a title="View user profile." href="/exploringourfluidearth/users/fyang" class="username">fyang</a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--activity-page.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Thu, 02/11/2016 - 12:25</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-practices--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-practices.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-practices.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-practices field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-2"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Science and Engineering Practices</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/sep/analyzing-and-interpreting-data" hreflang="en">Analyzing and Interpreting Data</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/sep/constructing-explanations-and-designing-solutions" hreflang="en">Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-cc--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-cc.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-cc.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-cc field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-1"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Crosscutting Concepts</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/cc/structure-and-function" hreflang="en">Structure and Function</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-dci--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-dci.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-dci.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-dci field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-2"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/dci/ets1a-defining-and-delimiting-engineering-problem" hreflang="en">ETS1.A: Defining and Delimiting an Engineering Problem</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/dci/ets1b-developing-possible-solutions" hreflang="en">ETS1.B: Developing Possible Solutions</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-toc--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-toc.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-toc.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-toc field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Table of Contents</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/toc/physical/navigation-and-transportation/transportation-and-ship-design/activity-evaluating-cargo-transportation" hreflang="en">Activity: Evaluating Cargo Transportation</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--comment-node-activity-page--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--comment-node-activity-page.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--comment-node-activity-page.html.twig x field--comment.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--comment.html.twig' --> <section class="field field--name-comment-node-activity-page field--type-comment field--label-hidden comment-wrapper"> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--comment.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Materials</h2> <ul><li>Tables 8.4–8.7</li> <li>Access to information about cargo conveyances</li> <li>Globe, map, or mapping software</li> </ul><p> </p> <p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'entity_embed_container' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> <div class="action-background"> <div id="node-1402" class="node node-attachment special-feature-type-activity-sheet contextual-links-region clearfix special-feature-type- " data-embed-button="node" data-entity-embed-display="entity_reference:entity_reference_label" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{&quot;link&quot;:1}" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="8a8f2fd5-7731-479e-8674-865f78bd68aa" data-langcode="und"> <div class="embed-type-marker"><i class="icon white"></i></div> <div class="embed-supertitle">ACTIVITY SHEET</div> <h2 class="embed-title"> <a target="_blank" href="http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/M1U8-Table8.4_8.5-Scenario.pdf">Table 8.4. Distance Scenarios &amp; Table 8.5. Cargo Scenarios<div class="download-link"></div></a> </h2> <div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> </div></div></p> <p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'entity_embed_container' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> <div class="action-background"> <div id="node-1403" class="node node-attachment special-feature-type-activity-sheet contextual-links-region clearfix special-feature-type- " data-embed-button="node" data-entity-embed-display="entity_reference:entity_reference_label" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{&quot;link&quot;:1}" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="d503a80e-97e7-4f1d-84b4-5ae89995102b" data-langcode="und"> <div class="embed-type-marker"><i class="icon white"></i></div> <div class="embed-supertitle">ACTIVITY SHEET</div> <h2 class="embed-title"> <a target="_blank" href="http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/M1U8-Table8.6-Criteria.pdf">Table 8.6. Criteria for evaluating transportation efficiency<div class="download-link"></div></a> </h2> <div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> </div></div></p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width: 600px"><caption><strong>Table 8.7.</strong> Cargo conveyances</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><strong>Conveyance type</strong></td> <td style="text-align: center;"><strong>Conveyance examples</strong></td> </tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="6" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Water-going</strong></td> <td>Rowboat</td> </tr><tr><td>Dinghy with outboard motor</td> </tr><tr><td>Sailboat</td> </tr><tr><td>Fishing vessel</td> </tr><tr><td>Passenger ferry</td> </tr><tr><td>Container ship</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Air-going</strong></td> <td>Blimp</td> </tr><tr><td>Single propeller plane</td> </tr><tr><td>Jet engine powered plane</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Land-going</strong></td> <td>Passenger car</td> </tr><tr><td>Container truck</td> </tr></tbody></table><h2>Procedure</h2> <ol><li>Choose at least one of the distance scenarios listed in Table 8.4.<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Using a map or mapping software, estimate the distance for the chosen scenario.</li> <li>Record in Table 8.4.<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Choose at least one of the cargo scenarios listed in Table 8.5.<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Using resources available to you, estimate the weight of your cargo.</li> <li>Record in Table 8.5.<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>For the distance and cargo scenario you choose, determine criteria, in addition to <em>fuel efficiency</em> and <em>carrying capacity</em>, for evaluating different types of cargo conveyances in terms of efficiency. (Note that in water-going cargo conveyances, carrying capacity is commonly referred to as tonnage).<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Choose at least two or more additional criteria to investigate.</li> <li>Record in Table 8.6.<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>For each of your criteria listed in Table 8.6, justify why each criteria is important for determining transportation efficiency. Record your justification in Table 8.6.<br />  </li> <li>Choose three of the cargo conveyances listed in Table 8.7, and record them in Table 8.6. Using the resources available to you, investigate the criteria for each of the cargo conveyances you choose.<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Rank your criteria in terms of importance and record in Table 8.6.</li> <li>Based on your criteria, determine which of the cargo conveyances was the best for the cargo and distance scenarios you chose.</li> <li>Discuss your findings.<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>(Optional) Investigate the efficiency of cargo transport for additional<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>distance scenarios.</li> <li>cargo scenarios.</li> <li>cargo conveyances.</li> </ol></li> </ol><p> </p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-questions--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-questions.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-questions.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-questions field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Activity Questions</div> <div class="field__item"><ol><li>Describe the engineering problem(s) that this activity addresses.<br />  </li> <li>Explain what factors helped you to determine the relative rankings of your criteria. Which of your criteria ranked the highest? Why?<br />  </li> <li>Explain your process for determining which cargo conveyance was the most appropriate for the cargo and distance scenario(s) you choose.<br />  </li> <li>Describe how you determined the values for each criterion, including these factors in your answer:<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>What sources did you use?</li> <li>Did you use the same source for each criterion?</li> <li>Were there representative cargo conveyance types that you used?</li> <li>Did you use specific values or a range of values?<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Would you change the rankings for each of the criteria based on your research? Explain the reasoning for your answer.<br />  </li> <li>Was the most fuel-efficient cargo conveyance always the best cargo conveyance based on your criteria? Explain why you think it was or wasn’t.<br />  </li> <li>Compare and contrast the following human impacts on the environment among your cargo conveyances:<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Pollution</li> <li>Sound</li> <li>Fuel type</li> <li>Fuel efficiency</li> <li>Structures needed to load and unload cargo (i.e. harbors or piers)</li> <li>Impact on marine life<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>How do you think your cargo conveyance selection process would change if your most important criteria was human impact on the ocean?</li> </ol></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> Thu, 11 Feb 2016 22:25:28 +0000 fyang 1398 at http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/navigation-and-transportation/transportation-and-ship-design/activity-evaluating-cargo-transportation#comments Weird Science: Giant Ships and Canals http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/navigation-and-transportation/transportation-and-ship-design/weird-science-giant-ships-and-canals <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--special-feature-page.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Weird Science: Giant Ships and Canals</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-display-title--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--node--field-display-title.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--field-display-title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-display-title field--type-string field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Title</div> <div class="field__item"><h2>Weird Science: Giant Ships and Canals</h2> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--special-feature-page.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <a title="View user profile." href="/exploringourfluidearth/users/fyang" class="username">fyang</a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--special-feature-page.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 02/09/2016 - 14:33</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-dci--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-dci.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-dci.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-dci field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-1"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/dci/ets1a-defining-and-delimiting-engineering-problem" hreflang="en">ETS1.A: Defining and Delimiting an Engineering Problem</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-toc--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--node--field-toc.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--field-toc.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-toc field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Table of Contents</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/toc/physical/navigation-and-transportation/transportation-and-ship-design/weird-science-giant-ships-and-canals" hreflang="en">Weird Science: Giant Ships and Canals</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--comment-node-special-feature-p--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--node--comment-node-special-feature-p.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--comment-node-special-feature-p.html.twig x field--comment.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--comment.html.twig' --> <section class="field field--name-comment-node-special-feature-p field--type-comment field--label-hidden comment-wrapper"> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--comment.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Advances in technology have allowed naval architects and engineers to build larger and larger ships over time. Large ships can carry more cargo and are generally a more cost-efficient form of transportation.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'media' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * media--source-image.html.twig * media--image--half-w-caption.html.twig * media--image.html.twig * media--half-w-caption.html.twig x media.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --> <article class="align-left media media--type-image media--view-mode-half-w-caption"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-image--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-image.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/M1U8-SF8.5-LargestShips.png" target="_blank"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <div class="imgpost"> <span class="img-overlay-lightbox"></span> <img loading="lazy" src="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/styles/half_page_width/public/M1U8-SF8.5-LargestShips.png?itok=AU68PJk-" width="290" height="273" alt="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SF Fig. 8.5.&lt;/strong&gt; Size comparisons are shown between several of the world’s largest ships as of 2015.&lt;/p&gt;&#10;" title="&lt;p&gt;Image courtesy of Delphine Ménard, &lt;a data-cke-saved-href=&quot;http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bateaux_comparaison2_with_Allure.svg&quot; href=&quot;http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bateaux_comparaison2_with_Allure.svg&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Commons&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#10;" class="image-style-half-page-width" /></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-alttext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-alttext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-alttext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-alttext field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><strong>SF Fig. 8.5.</strong> Size comparisons are shown between several of the world’s largest ships as of 2015.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-titletext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-titletext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-titletext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-titletext field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Image courtesy of Delphine Ménard, <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bateaux_comparaison2_with_Allure.svg" target="_blank">Wikimedia Commons</a></p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </article><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --><p>The world’s largest ships currently in use are transport container ships approximately 400 m long and 60 m wide. However, these giant ships are not the largest ever built. The largest ship ever built was the <em>Seawise Giant</em> (also known as the <em>Knock Nevis</em>). It measured 458 m long and 70 m wide (SF Fig. 8.5) and was used as an oil tanker from 1979–2010. The <em>Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller</em> is an extremely large container ship still in operation. It has the ability to transport up to 18,270 containers. The <em>Vale Brasil</em> is an ore carrier owned by a Brazilian mining company. Its large capacity and low speed engine make it one of the most efficient vessels currently in service. As of 2015, the <em>Allure of the Seas</em> was the largest passenger ship ever built. The massive passenger ship boasts an impressive 25 restaurants and bars, a 1300 seat theater, a casino, and an ice skating rink. The United States Navy aircraft carrier <em>USS Enterprise</em> still holds the record as the longest naval vessel ever built. It was the world’s first nuclear powered aircraft carrier and served from 1962–2012.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'media' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * media--source-image.html.twig * media--image--half-w-caption.html.twig * media--image.html.twig * media--half-w-caption.html.twig x media.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --> <article class="align-left media media--type-image media--view-mode-half-w-caption"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-image--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-image.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/M1U8-SF8.6-USSenterprise.jpg" target="_blank"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <div class="imgpost"> <span class="img-overlay-lightbox"></span> <img loading="lazy" src="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/styles/half_page_width/public/M1U8-SF8.6-USSenterprise.jpg?itok=bKPHTaTh" width="290" height="361" alt="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SF Fig. 8.6.&lt;/strong&gt; The US Navy battleship &lt;em&gt;USS Missouri&lt;/em&gt; very narrowly passes through the Panama Canal in 1945 en route to the Pacific ocean basin from New York City.&lt;/p&gt;&#10;" title="&lt;p&gt;Image courtesy of US Navy, adapted from &lt;a data-cke-saved-href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Missouri_panama_canal.jpg&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Missouri_panama_canal.jpg&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Commons&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#10;" class="image-style-half-page-width" /></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-alttext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-alttext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-alttext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-alttext field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><strong>SF Fig. 8.6.</strong> The US Navy battleship <em>USS Missouri</em> very narrowly passes through the Panama Canal in 1945 en route to the Pacific ocean basin from New York City.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-titletext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-titletext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-titletext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-titletext field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Image courtesy of US Navy, adapted from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Missouri_panama_canal.jpg" target="_blank">Wikimedia Commons</a></p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </article><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --><p>One important limitation on the size of a vessel is the size of the canals they must pass through during voyages (SF Fig. 8.6). Several major canals allow for ships to pass between distant ocean basins. The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic and Pacific ocean basins by cutting through a narrow strip of land in Panama. Before the Panama Canal was completed in 1914, ships traveling between Atlantic and Pacific ocean basins needed to sail around the southern tip of South America. Similarly, the Suez Canal links the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea. The Saint Lawrence Seaway links Montreal, Canada, to Lake Superior.</p> <p> </p> <p>The largest modern ships (SF Fig. 8.5) cannot pass through the Panama Canal. Only ships less than 295 m in length and 32 m in width can fit through the tightest parts of the canal.</p> <p> </p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-questions--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--node--field-questions.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--field-questions.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-questions field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Question Set</div> <div class="field__item"><ol><li>The largest ship ever built was the <em>Seawise Giant</em>. Are ships like this still being built? Why or why not?<br />  </li> <li>What do you think the advantages and disadvantages are to building one large ship, rather than multiple smaller ships?<br />  </li> <li>Polar ice has retreated due to melting caused by climate change, opening routes that may be used for ship travel. How do you think the availability of new shipping routes will affect the global shipping industry?</li> </ol></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> Wed, 10 Feb 2016 00:33:22 +0000 fyang 1396 at http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/navigation-and-transportation/transportation-and-ship-design/weird-science-giant-ships-and-canals#comments Activity: Standing Waves http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/waves/wave-and-wave-properties/activity-standing-waves <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--activity-page.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Activity: Standing Waves</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-display-title--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-display-title.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-display-title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-display-title field--type-string field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Title</div> <div class="field__item">Activity: Standing Waves</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--activity-page.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <a title="View user profile." href="/exploringourfluidearth/users/fyang" class="username">fyang</a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--activity-page.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Thu, 04/16/2015 - 14:46</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-practices--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-practices.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-practices.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-practices field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-1"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Science and Engineering Practices</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/sep/using-mathematics-and-computational-thinking" hreflang="en">Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-cc--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-cc.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-cc.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-cc field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-1"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Crosscutting Concepts</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/cc/patterns" hreflang="en">Patterns</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-dci--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-dci.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-dci.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-dci field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-2"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/dci/ps4a-wave-properties" hreflang="en">PS4.A: Wave Properties</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/dci/ets1a-defining-and-delimiting-engineering-problem" hreflang="en">ETS1.A: Defining and Delimiting an Engineering Problem</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-toc--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-toc.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-toc.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-toc field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Table of Contents</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/toc/physical/waves/wave-and-wave-properties/activity-standing-waves" hreflang="en">Activity: Standing Waves</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--comment-node-activity-page--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--comment-node-activity-page.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--comment-node-activity-page.html.twig x field--comment.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--comment.html.twig' --> <section class="field field--name-comment-node-activity-page field--type-comment field--label-hidden comment-wrapper"> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--comment.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'media' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * media--source-oembed--derivative-video--provider-vimeo.html.twig * media--source-oembed--derivative-video.html.twig * media--remote-video--default.html.twig * media--remote-video.html.twig * media--default.html.twig x media.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --> <article class="align-center media media--type-remote-video media--view-mode-default"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-oembed-video--remote-video.html.twig * field--media--field-media-oembed-video.html.twig * field--media--remote-video.html.twig * field--field-media-oembed-video.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --><div class="field field--name-field-media-oembed-video field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><iframe src="/exploringourfluidearth/media/oembed?url=https%3A//vimeo.com/88204366&amp;max_width=0&amp;max_height=0&amp;hash=8wSe8SuaIvfy082_rTR51yi2prt5tXjIVupF7G5U0YU" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="" width="640" height="360" class="media-oembed-content" title="TSI Mod 1 Day 2 - video #6 - Standing Waves"></iframe> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> </article><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --><p> </p> <h2>Materials</h2> <ul><li>Fig. 4.5</li> <li>Fig. 4.6</li> <li>Table 4.3</li> <li>Long wave tank</li> <li>One paddle that fits snugly in the width of the wave tank</li> <li>Water</li> <li>Three rulers </li> <li>Metronome or sound recording of 100 beats per minute and 120 beats per minute</li> <li>Construction paper</li> <li>Masking tape</li> <li>Pencil</li> <li>Towels</li> </ul><p class="embed"> </p> <p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'entity_embed_container' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> </p><div class="action-background"> <div id="node-1238" class="node node-attachment special-feature-type-activity-sheet contextual-links-region clearfix special-feature-type- " data-embed-button="node" data-entity-embed-display="entity_reference:entity_reference_label" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{&quot;link&quot;:1}" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="4c46f0b9-7dc7-4ba9-af18-493c65293907" data-langcode="und"> <div class="embed-type-marker"><i class="icon white"></i></div> <div class="embed-supertitle">ACTIVITY SHEET</div> <h2 class="embed-title"> <a target="_blank" href="http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/M1U4-StandingWave-Table4.3.pdf">Table 4.3. Effects of frequency and length of wave pulse on wavelength (L), wave height (H), wave speed (S), and wave period (T) <div class="download-link"></div></a> </h2> <div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> </div></div><br /><p class="embed"> </p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'media' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * media--source-image.html.twig * media--image--colorbox-large.html.twig * media--image.html.twig * media--colorbox-large.html.twig x media.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --> <article class="align-center media media--type-image media--view-mode-colorbox-large"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-image--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-image.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/M1U4-Fig4.5-MakingWaveProfile.png" target="_blank"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <div class="imgpost"> <span class="img-overlay-lightbox"></span> <img loading="lazy" src="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/styles/full-page-width/public/M1U4-Fig4.5-MakingWaveProfile.png?itok=PYxF0eqn" width="590" height="282" alt="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fig. 4.5.&lt;/strong&gt; Making a watermarked wave profile picture in a long wave tank (This image is not to scale; the paddle, paddlestop, and ruler have been enlarged relative to the size of the tank.)&lt;/p&gt;&#10;" title="&lt;p&gt;Image by Byron Inouye&lt;/p&gt;&#10;" class="image-style-full-page-width" /></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-alttext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-alttext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-alttext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-alttext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image caption</div> <div class="field__item"><p><strong>Fig. 4.5.</strong> Making a watermarked wave profile picture in a long wave tank (This image is not to scale; the paddle, paddlestop, and ruler have been enlarged relative to the size of the tank.)</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-titletext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-titletext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-titletext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-titletext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image copyright and source</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Image by Byron Inouye</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </article><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --><p class="embed"> </p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'media' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * media--source-image.html.twig * media--image--colorbox-large.html.twig * media--image.html.twig * media--colorbox-large.html.twig x media.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --> <article class="align-center media media--type-image media--view-mode-colorbox-large"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-image--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-image.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/Fig4.6-WaterProfileAnalysis_web.png" target="_blank"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <div class="imgpost"> <span class="img-overlay-lightbox"></span> <img loading="lazy" src="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/styles/full-page-width/public/Fig4.6-WaterProfileAnalysis_web.png?itok=2uervz6k" width="590" height="261" alt="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fig. 4.6.&lt;/strong&gt; Analysis of a watermarked wave profile picture&lt;/p&gt;&#10;" title="&lt;p&gt;Image by Byron Inouye&lt;/p&gt;&#10;" class="image-style-full-page-width" /></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-alttext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-alttext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-alttext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-alttext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image caption</div> <div class="field__item"><p><strong>Fig. 4.6.</strong> Analysis of a watermarked wave profile picture</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-titletext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-titletext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-titletext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-titletext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image copyright and source</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Image by Byron Inouye</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </article><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --><hr /><h2>Procedure</h2> <p><em>Safety Note: If your wave tank is sliding on the table, place towels underneath it. Immediately mop up all water spills to prevent slipping.</em></p> <p><strong>A. Generate standing waves.</strong></p> <ol><li>Set up the long wave tank as shown in Fig. 4.5. <ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Fill the wave tank about halfway with water.</li> <li>Tape one ruler to the end of the wave tank as a backstop. The backstop should be positioned to prevent the paddle from going past vertical.</li> <li>Tape a second ruler along the top edge of the wave tank (the yellow ruler in Fig. 4.5)</li> <li>Tape a third ruler 5 cm in front of the backstop as the paddle-stop. The paddle-stop will help you control the amount of water pushed by limiting the distance the paddle can move.<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Set your paddle in the paddle groove and practice generating standing waves. <strong>Standing waves</strong> do not advance; they appear to move up and down in place.<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Predict what will happen when you move the paddle to create wave pulses. Draw or describe your predictions.</li> <li>Take turns creating waves. Observe as others create waves and let the wave maker know when a standing wave has been created.</li> <li>Determine the best method for creating a standing wave.</li> <li>Record your best method for creating a standing wave.</li> </ol></li> </ol><p> </p> <p><strong>B. Compare effects of wave frequency and length of wave pulse on wavelength and wave height.</strong></p> <ol><li>Make watermarked profiles of a standing wave at a frequency of 120 beats (waves) per minute and a paddle-stop distance of 5 cm. <ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Check that the distance from the backstop to the paddle-stop is 5 cm.</li> <li>Use the metronome or sound recording to generate waves at a consistent and accurate frequency of 120 waves per minute. The paddle should hit the front paddle-stop once per beat.</li> <li>Use your best method for forming a standing wave from Part A Step 2.<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Print a watermark profile of the standing waves.<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Tape construction paper together to make a long sheet two-thirds the length of the wave tank.</li> <li>Hold the paper lengthwise near the top corners just above the water level (see Fig. 4.5).</li> <li>To make a wave profile, quickly but carefully dip the paper in and out of the water. The watermarks on the paper will show the profile of the waves at the instant the paper was dipped into the water.</li> <li>Trace the profile of the waves with pencil before the paper dries.<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Label your wave watermark profile (Fig. 4.6).<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Record the paddle-stop setting (5 cm) and wave frequency (120 waves per minute) on your wave profile.</li> <li>Identify and label the wave crests and troughs.</li> <li>Devise a method for measuring each of the following on your wave profile (Fig. 4.6):<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-roman;"><li>Wavelength</li> <li>Wave height</li> </ol></li> <li>Record your measurements in Table 4.3.<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>(Optional) Print another watermark profile. Calculate the average wavelength and wave height among your trials.<br />  </li> <li>Determine the wave period and wave speed. Record in Table 4.3.<br />  </li> <li>Predict and give reasoning for what will happen when you change the frequency or paddle-stop settings as follows:<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Frequency of 100 waves (beats) per minute; paddle-stop distance of 5 cm</li> <li>Frequency of 120 waves (beats) per minute; paddle-stop distance of 10 cm</li> <li>Frequency of 100 waves (beats) per minute; paddle-stop distance of 10 cm<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Test your predictions from Step 4. Repeat steps 1–5 for the following conditions:<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Frequency of 100 waves (beats) per minute; paddle-stop distance of 5 cm</li> <li>Frequency of 120 waves (beats) per minute; paddle-stop distance of 10 cm</li> <li>Frequency of 100 waves (beats) per minute; paddle-stop distance of 10 cm</li> </ol></li> </ol><p> </p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-questions--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-questions.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-questions.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-questions field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Activity Questions</div> <div class="field__item"><ol><li>Describe how you created standing waves in the wave tank. In your description, include information about the paddle and your timing.<br />  </li> <li>How did you identify wave crests and troughs on your wave watermark profile?<br />  </li> <li>Did your results from Step 5 (Table 4.3) match your predictions from Step 4? Explain your answer.<br />  </li> <li>If the paddle stop is constant, what happens to the wavelength as the frequency decreases?<br />  </li> <li>Describe the relationship between frequency and wavelength that you observed. How could you express this relationship mathematically?<br />  </li> <li>How did frequency and paddle-stop setting affect the wave height? Explain your answer.<br />  </li> <li>One equation for wave speed is speed = frequency × wavelength (<em>S = FL</em>).<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Using the information in the data table (Table 4. 3), calculate wave speed (cm/s) for each of the four standing waves you measured.</li> <li>Record your results in the data table (Table 4. 3).</li> <li>Use your results to make a graph of frequency (X-axis) versus speed (Y-axis) for each paddle-stop setting.</li> <li>Use your graph to make a general statement about how increased frequency affects wave speed.<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>The period of a wave is the inverse of its frequency (<em>T = 1/F</em>).<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Using the information in the data table (Table 4. 3), calculate wave period in seconds per wave for each of the four standing waves you measured.</li> <li>Record your results in the data table (Table 4. 3).</li> <li>Do your results support the claim that waves with a longer period generally move faster than waves with a shorter period? Explain.<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>What is the relationship between wave period and wave speed?<br />  </li> <li>How are the waves you created in the tank similar to and different from waves in the ocean?<br />  </li> <li>Standing waves form in the ocean under natural conditions when two wave sets of the same height travel towards each other. Explain how it is possible to simulate standing waves in a wave tank.</li> </ol><p> </p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> Fri, 17 Apr 2015 00:46:49 +0000 fyang 1237 at http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/waves/wave-and-wave-properties/activity-standing-waves#comments Practices of Science: Blue Water Diving http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/ocean-depths/diving-technology/practices-science-blue-water-diving <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--special-feature-page.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Practices of Science: Blue Water Diving</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-display-title--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--node--field-display-title.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--field-display-title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-display-title field--type-string field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Title</div> <div class="field__item"><h2>Practices of Science: Blue Water Diving</h2> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--special-feature-page.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <a title="View user profile." href="/exploringourfluidearth/users/fyang" class="username">fyang</a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--special-feature-page.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Thu, 04/16/2015 - 10:27</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-practices--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-practices.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-practices.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-practices field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-1"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Science and Engineering Practices</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/sep/constructing-explanations-and-designing-solutions" hreflang="en">Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-cc--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-cc.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-cc.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-cc field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-1"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Crosscutting Concepts</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/cc/structure-and-function" hreflang="en">Structure and Function</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-dci--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-dci.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-dci.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-dci field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-1"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/dci/ets1a-defining-and-delimiting-engineering-problem" hreflang="en">ETS1.A: Defining and Delimiting an Engineering Problem</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-toc--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--node--field-toc.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--field-toc.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-toc field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Table of Contents</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/toc/physical/ocean-depths/diving-technology/practices-science-blue-water-diving" hreflang="en">Practices of Science: Blue Water Diving</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--comment-node-special-feature-p--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--node--comment-node-special-feature-p.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--comment-node-special-feature-p.html.twig x field--comment.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--comment.html.twig' --> <section class="field field--name-comment-node-special-feature-p field--type-comment field--label-hidden comment-wrapper"> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--comment.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--special-feature-page.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p> </p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'media' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * media--source-image.html.twig * media--image--half-w-caption.html.twig * media--image.html.twig * media--half-w-caption.html.twig x media.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --> <article class="align-left media media--type-image media--view-mode-half-w-caption"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-image--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-image.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/SF9.4A-CentralBuoy.png" target="_blank"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <div class="imgpost"> <span class="img-overlay-lightbox"></span> <img loading="lazy" src="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/styles/half_page_width/public/SF9.4A-CentralBuoy.png?itok=ISlgZJEd" width="290" height="277" alt="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SF Fig. 9.4.&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt;) Scuba divers are attached to a central buoy by ropes.&lt;/p&gt;&#10;" title="&lt;p&gt;Image courtesy of Larry Madin, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (&lt;a data-cke-saved-href=&quot;http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/07philippines/background/diving/media/divers_600.html&quot; href=&quot;http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/07philippines/background/diving/media/divers_600.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;NOAA&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#10;" class="image-style-half-page-width" /></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-alttext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-alttext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-alttext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-alttext field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><strong>SF Fig. 9.4.</strong> (<strong>A</strong>) Scuba divers are attached to a central buoy by ropes.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-titletext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-titletext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-titletext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-titletext field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Image courtesy of Larry Madin, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (<a href="http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/07philippines/background/diving/media/divers_600.html" target="_blank">NOAA</a>)</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </article><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'media' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * media--source-image.html.twig * media--image--half-w-caption.html.twig * media--image.html.twig * media--half-w-caption.html.twig x media.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --> <article class="align-left media media--type-image media--view-mode-half-w-caption"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-image--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-image.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/SF9.4B-Trapeze.png" target="_blank"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <div class="imgpost"> <span class="img-overlay-lightbox"></span> <img loading="lazy" src="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/styles/half_page_width/public/SF9.4B-Trapeze.png?itok=5GcTxJ3p" width="290" height="277" alt="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SF Fig. 9.4.&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt;) One diver coordinates the rope-pulley system called a “trapeze”.&lt;/p&gt;&#10;" title="&lt;p&gt;Image courtesy of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (&lt;a data-cke-saved-href=&quot;http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05deepscope/logs/sep3/media/mike_on_line.html&quot; href=&quot;http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05deepscope/logs/sep3/media/mike_on_line.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;NOAA&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#10;" class="image-style-half-page-width" /></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-alttext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-alttext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-alttext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-alttext field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><strong>SF Fig. 9.4.</strong> (<strong>B</strong>) One diver coordinates the rope-pulley system called a “trapeze”.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-titletext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-titletext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-titletext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-titletext field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Image courtesy of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (<a href="http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05deepscope/logs/sep3/media/mike_on_line.html" target="_blank">NOAA</a>)</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </article><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --><hr /><p><strong>Blue water diving</strong> is a branch of technical diving that takes place in the middle of the ocean. Diving in this environment, in the middle of the ocean away from coastlines, reefs, and artificial structures, allows scientists to study zooplankton that are rarely seen elsewhere (SF Fig. 9.4). Blue water diving is the best way to learn about mid-water organisms in their natural environment. Many of the organisms that live in the epipelagic zone are difficult to collect and study because they are small and gelatinous (soft-bodied) organisms, such as jellyfish and ctenophores (“comb jellies”). Collection with nets from a boat can harm their soft bodies. Because these epipelagic organisms live in the open ocean, it is difficult to collect from a boat without damaging the animal or to study their behavior in the confines of an aquarium (SF Fig. 9.5).</p> <p> </p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'media' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * media--source-image.html.twig * media--image--third-266w.html.twig * media--image.html.twig * media--third-266w.html.twig x media.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --> <article class="align-left media media--type-image media--view-mode-third-266w"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-image--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-image.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/SF9.5A-Ctenophores.jpeg" target="_blank"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <div class="imgpost"> <span class="img-overlay-lightbox"></span> <img loading="lazy" src="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/styles/third_266w_/public/SF9.5A-Ctenophores.jpeg?itok=uKCs1bl7" width="180" height="203" alt="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SF Fig. 9.5.&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt;) Ctenophores, a phylum of comb jellies&lt;/p&gt;" title="&lt;p&gt;Image courtesy of Arctic Exploration 2002, Kevin Raskoff, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (&lt;a data-cke-saved-href=&quot;http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02arctic/logs/aug31/media/mertensia.html&quot; href=&quot;http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02arctic/logs/aug31/media/mertensia.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;NOAA&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#10;" class="image-style-third-266w-" /></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-alttext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-alttext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-alttext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-alttext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image caption</div> <div class="field__item"><p><strong>SF Fig. 9.5.</strong> (<strong>A</strong>) Ctenophores, a phylum of comb jellies</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-titletext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-titletext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-titletext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-titletext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image copyright and source</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Image courtesy of Arctic Exploration 2002, Kevin Raskoff, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (<a href="http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02arctic/logs/aug31/media/mertensia.html" target="_blank">NOAA</a>)</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </article><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'media' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * media--source-image.html.twig * media--image--third-266w.html.twig * media--image.html.twig * media--third-266w.html.twig x media.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --> <article class="align-left media media--type-image media--view-mode-third-266w"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-image--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-image.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/SF9.5B-man_o_war.jpeg" target="_blank"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <div class="imgpost"> <span class="img-overlay-lightbox"></span> <img loading="lazy" src="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/styles/third_266w_/public/SF9.5B-man_o_war.jpeg?itok=wxT2sLwo" width="180" height="203" alt="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SF Fig. 9.5.&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt;) Portuguese man o’ war (&lt;em&gt;Physalia physalis&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;" title="&lt;p&gt;Image courtesy of Islands in the Sea 2002, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (&lt;a data-cke-saved-href=&quot;http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02sab/logs/aug15/media/man_o_war.html&quot; href=&quot;http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02sab/logs/aug15/media/man_o_war.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;NOAA&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#10;" class="image-style-third-266w-" /></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-alttext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-alttext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-alttext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-alttext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image caption</div> <div class="field__item"><p><strong>SF Fig. 9.5.</strong> (<strong>B</strong>) Portuguese man o’ war (<em>Physalia physalis</em>)</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-titletext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-titletext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-titletext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-titletext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image copyright and source</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Image courtesy of Islands in the Sea 2002, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (<a href="http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02sab/logs/aug15/media/man_o_war.html" target="_blank">NOAA</a>)</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </article><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'media' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * media--source-image.html.twig * media--image--third-266w.html.twig * media--image.html.twig * media--third-266w.html.twig x media.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --> <article class="align-left media media--type-image media--view-mode-third-266w"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --><!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-image--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-image.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/SF9.5C-Salps.jpg" target="_blank"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <div class="imgpost"> <span class="img-overlay-lightbox"></span> <img loading="lazy" src="/exploringourfluidearth/sites/default/files/styles/third_266w_/public/SF9.5C-Salps.jpg?itok=sJtY8xLr" width="180" height="203" alt="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SF Fig. 9.5.&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;C&lt;/strong&gt;) Salps, planktonic tunicates&lt;/p&gt;" title="&lt;p&gt;Image courtesy of Hartmut Olstowski, adapted from &lt;a data-cke-saved-href=&quot;https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Salpenkette1.jpg&quot; href=&quot;https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Salpenkette1.jpg&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Commons&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#10;" class="image-style-third-266w-" /></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-alttext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-alttext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-alttext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-alttext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image caption</div> <div class="field__item"><p><strong>SF Fig. 9.5.</strong> (<strong>C</strong>) Salps, planktonic tunicates</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--media--field-media-titletext--image.html.twig * field--media--field-media-titletext.html.twig * field--media--image.html.twig * field--field-media-titletext.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-titletext field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image copyright and source</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Image courtesy of Hartmut Olstowski, adapted from <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Salpenkette1.jpg" target="_blank">Wikimedia Commons</a></p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </article><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/media.html.twig' --><hr /><p> </p> <p>With no points of reference it is important for blue water divers to avoid disorientation and to be aware of their horizontal and vertical position so they do not make unsafe ascents or descents while collecting organisms. Blue water divers work in teams. A long drop line is attached to a float connected to the boat. Four divers connect to the drop line with 10 m lines. The point of connection is called a trapeze. One of the divers, designated the safety diver, helps move the trapeze up and down while the remaining divers swim out to a maximum distance of 10 m to look for zooplankton. Underwater communication between all divers is important to keep lines from getting tangled and to respond to any risky situations that may arise, such as curious sharks! The boat driver also has to keep an eye on the drop line and be aware of strong winds and currents that could suddenly move the boat and drag the divers below the surface.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> Thu, 16 Apr 2015 20:27:10 +0000 fyang 1234 at http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/ocean-depths/diving-technology/practices-science-blue-water-diving#comments Activity: Dive Planning http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/ocean-depths/diving-technology/activity-dive-planning <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--activity-page.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Activity: Dive Planning</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-display-title--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-display-title.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-display-title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-display-title field--type-string field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Title</div> <div class="field__item">Activity: Dive Planning</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--activity-page.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <a title="View user profile." href="/exploringourfluidearth/users/fjumawan" class="username">fjumawan</a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--activity-page.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 11/22/2011 - 13:50</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-practices--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-practices.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-practices.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-practices field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-1"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Science and Engineering Practices</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/sep/planning-and-carrying-out-investigations" hreflang="en">Planning and Carrying Out Investigations</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-cc--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-cc.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-cc.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-cc field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-1"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Crosscutting Concepts</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/cc/scale-proportion-and-quantity" hreflang="en">Scale, Proportion, and Quantity</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-standards-ngss-dci--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-standards-ngss-dci.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-standards-ngss-dci.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-standards-ngss-dci field--type-entity-reference field--label-above field--depth-1"> <div class="field__label">NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/curriculum-alignment/ngss/dci/ets1a-defining-and-delimiting-engineering-problem" hreflang="en">ETS1.A: Defining and Delimiting an Engineering Problem</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-toc--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-toc.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-toc.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-toc field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Table of Contents</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/exploringourfluidearth/toc/physical/ocean-depths/diving-technology/activity-dive-planning" hreflang="en">Activity: Dive Planning</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/tsi/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--comment-node-activity-page--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--comment-node-activity-page.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--comment-node-activity-page.html.twig x field--comment.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--comment.html.twig' --> <section class="field field--name-comment-node-activity-page field--type-comment field--label-hidden comment-wrapper"> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--comment.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Materials</h2> <ul><li>Computer with Internet access</li> <li>Reference materials about dive plans, dive sites, and conditions (e.g., local dive guidebooks and trusted Internet websites)</li> <li>Underwater video footage of dive site (optional)</li> <li>Underwater mapping program such as Google SeaView (optional)</li> <li>Dive table (optional)</li> </ul><h2> Procedures</h2> <ol><li>Find a dive site.<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Use trusted resources to find a dive site appropriate for recreational scuba diving. The dive can take place at either a well-known dive site or a site that has never before been explored.<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Answer the following questions before continuing:<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Where is your dive site located?</li> <li>How will you reach your dive site?</li> <li>What is the depth of your dive site?</li> <li>When will you travel to your dive site?</li> <li>What technology will you use to access your dive site?<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Draw a map of the dive site. If available, use aerial photographs from Google Earth or Google Maps.<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Label the cardinal compass directions</li> <li>Label the coastal features (e.g., sandy beach, sharp rocks, kelp forest, coral reef)</li> <li>Label prominent landmarks visible from the ocean (e.g., lighthouse, cell phone tower, mountain peak)<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Ocean safety<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Use available resources to identify hazardous areas or conditions within your dive site (e.g., boat traffic, fishing lines, riptides, seasonal ocean conditions, weather).</li> <li>How will you address each of these hazards?<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>Write an equipment list for the trip (include things like diving technology, and safety equipment).<br />  </li> <li>In a brief paragraph, write your detailed dive plan. Be sure to include the following:<br /><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>dive trip goals</li> <li>event timeline</li> <li>emergency action plan(s)<br />  </li> </ol></li> <li>On your map, draw the path of the dive. Include depths throughout the dive.<br />  </li> <li>Research and create a list of the types of substrate that you would expect to see on your dive. If possible, add this information to your map.<br />  </li> <li>Research and create a list of the types of organisms that you would expect to see on your dive.<br />  </li> <li>(Optional) Use underwater video footage or an underwater mapping program to conduct a virtual dive.<br />  </li> <li>(Optional) Examine a dive table. How long could you spend exploring the bottom on your dive?</li> </ol><p> </p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-questions--activity-page.html.twig * field--node--field-questions.html.twig * field--node--activity-page.html.twig * field--field-questions.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-questions field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Activity Questions</div> <div class="field__item"><ol><li>Was there any information that you were not able to include in your dive plan? Explain your answer.<br />  </li> <li>How would your dive plan have changed if you were just free diving or snorkeling?<br />  </li> <li>What specific weather and ocean conditions did you consider as important in planning the dive trip?<br />  </li> <li>If you completed a virtual dive, did you see any of the substrate or organisms that you predicted? What, if any, additional organisms did you see?</li> </ol></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> Tue, 22 Nov 2011 23:50:17 +0000 fjumawan 204 at http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/ocean-depths/diving-technology/activity-dive-planning#comments